AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional SAP-C02

Q1: A company is providing weather data over a REST-based API to several customers. The API is hosted by Amazon API Gateway and is integrated with different AWS Lambda functions for each API operation. The company uses Amazon Route 53 for DNS and has created a resource record of weather.example.com. The company stores data for the API in Amazon DynamoDB tables. The company needs a solution that will give the API the ability to fail over to a different AWS Region. Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Deploy a new set of Lambda functions in a new Region. Update the API Gateway API to use an edge-optimized API endpoint with Lambda functions from both Regions as targets. Convert the DynamoDB tables to global tables.
B. Deploy a new API Gateway API and Lambda functions in another Region. Change the Route 53 DNS record to a multivalue answer. Add both API Gateway APIs to the answer. Enable target health monitoring. Convert the DynamoDB tables to global tables. C. Deploy a new API Gateway API and Lambda functions in another Region. Change the Route 53 DNS record to a failover record. Enable target health monitoring. Convert the DynamoDB tables to global tables.
D. Deploy a new API Gateway API in a new Region. Change the Lambda functions to global functions. Change the Route 53 DNS record to a multivalue answer. Add both API Gateway APIs to the answer. Enable target health monitoring. Convert the DynamoDB tables to global tables.

Hint Answer: C

Q2. A company is running a two-tier web-based application in an on-premises data center. The application layer consists of a single server running a stateful application. The application connects to a PostgreSQL database running on a separate server. The application’s user base is expected to grow significantly, so the company is migrating the application and database to AWS. The solution will use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, and Elastic Load Balancing. Which solution will provide a consistent user experience that will allow the application and database tiers to scale?

A. Enable Aurora Auto Scaling for Aurora Replicas. Use a Network Load Balancer with the least outstanding requests routing algorithm and sticky sessions enabled.
B. Enable Aurora Auto Scaling for Aurora writers. Use an Application Load Balancer with the round robin routing algorithm and sticky sessions enabled.
C. Enable Aurora Auto Scaling for Aurora Replicas. Use an Application Load Balancer with the round robin routing and sticky sessions enabled.
D. Enable Aurora Scaling for Aurora writers. Use a Network Load Balancer with the least outstanding requests routing algorithm and sticky sessions enabled.

Hint Answer: C

Q3. A company uses a service to collect metadata from applications that the company hosts on premises. Consumer devices such as TVs and internet radios access the applications. Many older devices do not support certain HTTP headers and exhibit errors when these headers are present in responses. The company has configured an on-premises load balancer to remove the unsupported headers from responses sent to older devices, which the company identified by the User-Agent headers. The company wants to migrate the service to AWS, adopt serverless technologies, and retain the ability to support the older devices. The company has already migrated the applications into a set of AWS Lambda functions. Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the metadata service. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Configure the CloudFront distribution to forward requests to the ALB. Configure the ALB to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Create a CloudFront function to remove the problematic headers based on the value of the User-Agent header.
B. Create an Amazon API Gateway REST API for the metadata service. Configure API Gateway to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Modify the default gateway responses to remove the problematic headers based on the value of the User-Agent header.
C. Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API for the metadata service. Configure API Gateway to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Create a response mapping template to remove the problematic headers based on the value of the User-Agent. Associate the response data mapping with the HTTP API.
D. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the metadata service. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Configure the CloudFront distribution to forward requests to the ALB. Configure the ALB to invoke the correct Lambda function for each type of request. Create a Lambda@Edge function that will remove the problematic headers in response to viewer requests based on the value of the User-Agent header.

Hint Answer: B

Q4. A company is running a traditional web application on Amazon EC2 instances. The company needs to refactor the application as microservices that run on containers. Separate versions of the application exist in two distinct environments: production and testing. Load for the application is variable, but the minimum load and the maximum load are known. A solutions architect needs to design the updated application with a serverless architecture that minimizes operational complexity. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A. Upload the container images to AWS Lambda as functions. Configure a concurrency limit for the associated Lambda functions to handle the expected peak load. Configure two separate Lambda integrations within Amazon API Gateway: one for production and one for testing.
B. Upload the container images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Configure two auto scaled Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) clusters with the Fargate launch type to handle the expected load. Deploy tasks from the ECR images. Configure two separate Application Load Balancers to direct traffic to the ECS clusters.
C. Upload the container images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Configure two auto scaled Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) clusters with the Fargate launch type to handle the expected load. Deploy tasks from the ECR images. Configure two separate Application Load Balancers to direct traffic to the EKS clusters.
D. Upload the container images to AWS Elastic Beanstalk. In Elastic Beanstalk, create separate environments and deployments for production and testing. Configure two separate Application Load Balancers to direct traffic to the Elastic Beanstalk deployments.

Hint Answer: C

Q5. A company has a multi-tier web application that runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances are in an Auto Scaling group. The ALB and the Auto Scaling group are replicated in a backup AWS Region. The minimum value and the maximum value for the Auto Scaling group are set to zero. An Amazon RDS Multi-AZ DB instance stores the application’s data. The DB instance has a read replica in the backup Region. The application presents an endpoint to end users by using an Amazon Route 53 record. The company needs to reduce its RTO to less than 15 minutes by giving the application the ability to automatically fail over to the backup Region. The company does not have a large enough budget for an active-active strategy. What should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?

A. Reconfigure the application’s Route 53 record with a latency-based routing policy that balances traffic between the two ALBs. Create an AWS Lambda function in the backup Region to promote the read replica and modify the Auto Scaling group values. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that is based on the HTTPCode_Target_5XX_Count metric for the ALB in the primary Region. Configure the CloudWatch alarm to invoke the Lambda function.
B. Create an AWS Lambda function in the backup Region to promote the read replica and modify the Auto Scaling group values. Configure Route 53 with a health check that monitors the web application and sends an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notification to the Lambda function when the health check status is unhealthy. Update the application’s Route 53 record with a failover policy that routes traffic to the ALB in the backup Region when a health check failure occurs.
C. Configure the Auto Scaling group in the backup Region to have the same values as the Auto Scaling group in the primary Region. Reconfigure the application’s Route 53 record with a latency-based routing policy that load balances traffic between the two ALBs. Remove the read-replica. Replace the read replica with a standalone RDS DB instance. Configure Cross-Region Replication between the RDS DB instances by using snapshots and Amazon S3.
D. Configure an endpoint in AWS Global Accelerator with the two ALBs as equal weighted targets. Create an AWS Lambda function in the backup Region to promote the read replica and modify the Auto Scaling group values. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm that is based on the HTTPCode_Target_5XX_Count metric for the ALB in the primary Region. Configure the CloudWatch alarm to invoke the Lambda function.

Hint Answer: B

Q6. A retail company is operating its ecommerce application on AWS. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company uses an Amazon RDS DB instance as the database backend. Amazon CloudFront is configured with one origin that points to the ALB. Static content is cached. Amazon Route 53 is used to host all public zones. After an update of the application, the ALB occasionally returns a 502 status code (Bad Gateway) error. The root cause is malformed HTTP headers that are returned to the ALB. The webpage returns successfully when a solutions architect reloads the webpage immediately after the error occurs. While the company is working on the problem, the solutions architect needs to provide a custom error page instead of the standard ALB error page to visitors. Which combination of steps will meet this requirement with the LEAST amount of operational overhead? (Choose two.)

A. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the S3 bucket to host a static webpage. Upload the custom error pages to Amazon S3.
B. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke an AWS Lambda function if the ALB health check response Target.FailedHealthChecks is greater than 0. Configure the Lambda function to modify the forwarding rule at the ALB to point to a publicly accessible web server.
C. Modify the existing Amazon Route 53 records by adding health checks. Configure a fallback target if the health check fails. Modify DNS records to point to a publicly accessible webpage.
D. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke an AWS Lambda function if the ALB health check response Elb.InternalError is greater than 0. Configure the Lambda function to modify the forwarding rule at the ALB to point to a public accessible web server. E. Add a custom error response by configuring a CloudFront custom error page. Modify DNS records to point to a publicly accessible web page

Hint Answer: A E

Q7. A company wants to use a third-party software-as-a-service (SaaS) application. The third-party SaaS application is consumed through several API calls. The third-party SaaS application also runs on AWS inside a VPC. The company will consume the third-party SaaS application from inside a VPC. The company has internal security policies that mandate the use of private connectivity that does not traverse the internet. No resources that run in the company VPC are allowed to be accessed from outside the company’s VPC. All permissions must conform to the principles of least privilege. Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Create an AWS PrivateLink interface VPC endpoint. Connect this endpoint to the endpoint service that the third-party SaaS application provides. Create a security group to limit the access to the endpoint. Associate the security group with the endpoint.
B. Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection between the third-party SaaS application and the company VPC. Configure network ACLs to limit access across the VPN tunnels.
C. Create a VPC peering connection between the third-party SaaS application and the company VPUpdate route tables by adding the needed routes for the peering connection.
D. Create an AWS PrivateLink endpoint service. Ask the third-party SaaS provider to create an interface VPC endpoint for this endpoint service. Grant permissions for the endpoint service to the specific account of the third-party SaaS provider.

Hint Answer: A

Q8. A company uses an on-premises data analytics platform. The system is highly available in a fully redundant configuration across 12 servers in the company’s data center. The system runs scheduled jobs, both hourly and daily, in addition to one-time requests from users. Scheduled jobs can take between 20 minutes and 2 hours to finish running and have tight SLAs. The scheduled jobs account for 65% of the system usage. User jobs typically finish running in less than 5 minutes and have no SL A. The user jobs account for 35% of system usage. During system failures, scheduled jobs must continue to meet SLAs. However, user jobs can be delayed. A solutions architect needs to move the system to Amazon EC2 instances and adopt a consumption based model to reduce costs with no long-term commitments. The solution must maintain high availability and must not affect the SLAs. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A. Split the 12 instances across two Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. Run two instances in each Availability Zone as On-Demand Instances with Capacity Reservations. Run four instances in each Availability Zone as Spot Instances.
B. Split the 12 instances across three Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. In one of the Availability Zones, run all four instances as On-Demand Instances with Capacity Reservations. Run the remaining instances as Spot Instances.
C. Split the 12 instances across three Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. Run two instances in each Availability Zone as On-Demand Instances with a Savings Plan. Run two instances in each Availability Zone as Spot Instances.
D. Split the 12 instances across three Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. Run three instances in each Availability Zone as On-Demand Instances with Capacity Reservations. Run one instance in each Availability Zone as a Spot Instance.

Hint Answer: D

Q9. A security engineer determined that an existing application retrieves credentials to an Amazon RDS for MySQL database from an encrypted file in Amazon S3. For the next version of the application, the security engineer wants to implement the following application design changes to improve security: The database must use strong, randomly generated passwords stored in a secure AWS managed service. The application resources must be deployed through AWS CloudFormation. The application must rotate credentials for the database every 90 days. A solutions architect will generate a CloudFormation template to deploy the application. Which resources specified in the CloudFormation template will meet the security engineer’s requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?

A. Generate the database password as a secret resource using AWS Secrets Manager. Create an AWS Lambda function resource to rotate the database password. Specify a Secrets Manager RotationSchedule resource to rotate the database password every 90 days.
B. Generate the database password as a SecureString parameter type using AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Create an AWS Lambda function resource to rotate the database password. Specify a Parameter Store RotationSchedule resource to rotate the database password every 90 days.
C. Generate the database password as a secret resource using AWS Secrets Manager. Create an AWS Lambda function resource to rotate the database password. Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule resource to trigger the Lambda function password rotation every 90 days.
D. Generate the database password as a SecureString parameter type using AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Specify an AWS AppSync DataSource resource to automatically rotate the database password every 90 days.

Hint Answer: A

Q10. A company is storing data in several Amazon DynamoDB tables. A solutions architect must use a serverless architecture to make the data accessible publicly through a simple API over HTTPS. The solution must scale automatically in response to demand. Which solutions meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A. Create an Amazon API Gateway REST API. Configure this API with direct integrations to DynamoDB by using API Gateway’s AWS integration type.
B. Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API. Configure this API with direct integrations to DynamoDB by using API Gateway’s AWS integration type.
C. Create an Amazon API Gateway HTTP API. Configure this API with integrations to AWS Lambda functions that return data from the DynamoDB tables.
D. Create an accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator. Configure this accelerator with AWS Lambda@Edge function integrations that return data from the DynamoDB tables. E. Create a Network Load Balancer. Configure listener rules to forward requests to the appropriate AWS Lambda functions

Hint Answer: C D

Q11. A company has registered 10 new domain names. The company uses the domains for online marketing. The company needs a solution that will redirect online visitors to a specific URL for each domain. All domains and target URLs are defined in a JSON document. All DNS records are managed by Amazon Route 53. A solutions architect must implement a redirect service that accepts HTTP and HTTPS requests. Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational effort? (Choose three.)

A. Create a dynamic webpage that runs on an Amazon EC2 instance. Configure the web page to use the JSON document in combination with the event message to look up and respond with a redirect URL.
B. Create an Application Load Balancer that includes HTTP and HTTPS listeners.
C. Create an AWS Lambda function that uses the JSON document in combination with the event message to look up and respond with a redirect URL.
D. Use an Amazon API Gateway API with a custom domain to publish an AWS Lambda function.
E. Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution. Deploy a Lambda@Edge function.
F. Create an SSL certificate by using AWS Certificate Manager (ACM). Include the domains as Subject Alternative Names.

Hint Answer: C E F

Q12. A company stores sales transaction data in Amazon DynamoDB tables. To detect anomalous behaviors and respond quickly, all changes to the items stored in the DynamoDB tables must be logged within 30 minutes. Which solution meets the requirements?

A. Copy the DynamoDB tables into Apache Hive tables on Amazon EMR every hour and analyze them (or anomalous behaviors. Send Amazon SNS notifications when anomalous behaviors are detected.
B. Use AWS CloudTrail to capture all the APIs that change the DynamoDB tables. Send SNS notifications when anomalous behaviors are detected using CloudTrail event filtering.
C. Use Amazon DynamoDB Streams to capture and send updates to AWS Lambda. Create a Lambda function to output records lo Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. Analyze any anomalies with Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics. Send SNS notifications when anomalous behaviors are detected.
D. Use event patterns in Amazon CloudWatch Events to capture DynamoDB API call events with an AWS Lambda function as a target to analyze behavior. Send SNS notifications when anomalous behaviors are detected.

Hint Answer: C

Q13. A company has a complex web application that leverages Amazon CloudFront for global scalability and performance. Over time, users report that the web application is slowing down. The company’s operations team reports that the CloudFront cache hit ratio has been dropping steadily. The cache metrics report indicates that query strings on some URLs are inconsistently ordered and are specified sometimes in mixed-case letters and sometimes in lowercase letters. Which set of actions should the solutions architect take to increase the cache hit ratio as quickly as possible?

A. Deploy a Lambda@Edge function to sort parameters by name and force them to be lowercase. Select the CloudFront viewer request trigger to invoke the function.
B. Update the CloudFront distribution to disable caching based on query string parameters.
C. Deploy a reverse proxy after the load balancer to post-process the emitted URLs in the application to force the URL strings to be lowercase.
D. Update the CloudFront distribution to specify case-insensitive query string processing

Hint Answer: A

Q14. A company is running an Apache Hadoop cluster on Amazon EC2 instances. The Hadoop cluster stores approximately 100 TB of data for weekly operational reports and allows occasional access for data scientists to retrieve data. The company needs to reduce the cost and operational complexity for storing and serving this data. Which solution meets these requirements in the MOST cost-effective manner?

A. Move the Hadoop cluster from EC2 instances to Amazon EMR. Allow data access patterns to remain the same.
B. Write a script that resizes the EC2 instances to a smaller instance type during downtime and resizes the instances to a larger instance type before the reports are created.
C. Move the data to Amazon S3 and use Amazon Athena to query the data for reports. Allow the data scientists to access the data directly in Amazon S3.
D. Migrate the data to Amazon DynamoDB and modify the reports to fetch data from DynamoDB. Allow the data scientists to access the data directly in DynamoDB.

Hint Answer: C

Q15. A company has an application that sells tickets online and experiences bursts of demand every 7 days. The application has a stateless presentation layer running on Amazon EC2. an Oracle database to store unstructured data catalog information, and a backend API layer. The front-end layer uses an Elastic Load Balancer to distribute the load across nine On-Demand Instances over three Availability Zones (AZs). The Oracle database is running on a single EC2 instance. The company is experiencing performance issues when running more than two concurrent campaigns. A solutions architect must design a solution that meets the following requirements: • Address scalability issues. • Increase the level of concurrency. • Eliminate licensing costs. • Improve reliability. Which set of steps should the solutions architect take?

A. Create an Auto Scaling group for the front end with a combination of On-Demand and Spot Instances to reduce costs. Convert the Oracle database into a single Amazon RDS reserved DB instance.
B. Create an Auto Scaling group for the front end with a combination of On-Demand and Spot Instances to reduce costs. Create two additional copies of the database instance, then distribute the databases in separate AZs.
C. Create an Auto Scaling group for the front end with a combination of On-Demand and Spot Instances to reduce costs. Convert the tables in the Oracle database into Amazon DynamoDB tables.
D. Convert the On-Demand Instances into Spot Instances to reduce costs for the front end. Convert the tables in the Oracle database into Amazon DynamoDB tables.

Hint Answer: C

Q16. A company wants to retire its Oracle Solaris NFS storage arrays. The company requires rapid data migration over its internet network connection to a combination of destinations for Amazon S3. Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS), and Amazon FSx lor Windows File Server. The company also requires a full initial copy, as well as incremental transfers of changes until the retirement of the storage arrays. All data must be encrypted and checked for integrity. What should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?

A. Configure CloudEndure. Create a project and deploy the CloudEndure agent and token to the storage array. Run the migration plan to start the transfer.
B. Configure AWS DataSync. Configure the DataSync agent and deploy it to the local network. Create a transfer task and start the transfer.
C. Configure the aws S3 sync command. Configure the AWS client on the client side with credentials. Run the sync command to start the transfer.
D. Configure AWS Transfer (or FTP. Configure the FTP client with credentials. Script the client to connect and sync to start the transfer.

Hint Answer: B

Q17. A solutions architect has an operational workload deployed on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. The VPC architecture spans two Availability Zones (AZ) with a subnet in each that the Auto Scaling group is targeting. The VPC is connected to an on-premises environment and connectivity cannot be interrupted. The maximum size of the Auto Scaling group is 20 instances in service. The VPC IPv4 addressing is as follows: VPC CIDR: 10.0.0.0/23 AZ1 subnet CIDR: 10.0.0.0/24 AZ2 subnet CIDR: 10.0.1.0/24 Since deployment, a third AZ has become available in the Region. The solutions architect wants to adopt the new AZ without adding additional IPv4 address space and without service downtime. Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Update the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ2 subnet only. Delete and re-create the AZ1 subnet using half the previous address space. Adjust the Auto Seating group to also use the new AZ1 subnet. When the instances are healthy, adjust the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ1 subnet only. Remove the current AZ2 subnet. Create a new AZ2 subnet using the second half of the address space from the original AZ1 subnet. Create a new AZ3 subnet using half the original AZ2 subnet address space, then update the Auto Scaling group to target all three new subnets.
B. Terminate the EC2 instances in the AZ1 subnet. Delete and re-create the AZ1 subnet using half the address space. Update the Auto Scaling group to use this new subnet. Repeat this for the second AZ. Define a new subnet in AZ3, then update the Auto Scaling group to target all three new subnets.
C. Create a new VPC with the same IPv4 address space and define three subnets, with one for each AZ. Update the existing Auto Scaling group to target the new subnets in the new VPC.
D. Update the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ2 subnet only. Update the AZ1 subnet to have half the previous address space. Adjust the Auto Scaling group to also use the AZ1 subnet again. When the instances are healthy, adjust the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ1 subnet only. Update the current AZ2 subnet and assign the second half of the address space from the original AZ1 subnet. Create a new AZ3 subnet using half the original AZ2 subnet address space, then update the Auto Scaling group to target all three new subnets.

Hint Answer: A

Q18. A company is migrating its three-tier web application from on-premises to the AWS Cloud. The company has the following requirements for the migration process: • Ingest machine images from the on-premises environment. • Synchronize changes from the on-premises environment to the AWS environment until the production cutover. • Minimize downtime when executing the production cutover. • Migrate the virtual machines’ root volumes and data volumes. Which solution will satisfy these requirements with minimal operational overhead?

A. Use AWS Server Migration Service (SMS) to create and launch a replication job for each tier of the application. Launch instances from the AMIs created by AWS SMS. After initial testing, perform a final replication and create new instances from the updated AMIs.
B. Create an AWS CLI VM Import/Export script to migrate each virtual machine. Schedule the script to run incrementally to maintain changes in the application. Launch instances from the AMIs created by VM Import/Export. Once testing is done, rerun the script to do a final import and launch the instances from the AMIs.
C. Use AWS Server Migration Service (SMS) to upload the operating system volumes. Use the AWS CLI import-snapshot command ‘or the data volumes. Launch instances from the AMIs created by AWS SMS and attach the data volumes to the instances. After initial testing, perform a final replication, launch new instances from the replicated AMIs. and attach the data volumes to the instances.
D. Use AWS Application Discovery Service and AWS Migration Hub to group the virtual machines as an application. Use the AWS CLI VM Import/Export script to import the virtual machines as AMIs. Schedule the script to run incrementally to maintain changes in the application. Launch instances from the AMIs. After initial testing, perform a final virtual machine import and launch new instances from the AMIs.

Hint Answer: A

Q19. A company with global offices has a single 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to a single AWS Region. The company’s on-premises network uses the connection to communicate with the company’s resources in the AWS Cloud. The connection has a single private virtual interface that connects to a single VPC. A solutions architect must implement a solution that adds a redundant Direct Connect connection in the same Region. The solution also must provide connectivity to other Regions through the same pair of Direct Connect connections as the company expands into other Regions. Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Provision a Direct Connect gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interlace on each connection, and connect both private virtual interfaces to the Direct Connect gateway. Connect the Direct Connect gateway to the single VPC. B. Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new private virtual interface to the single VPC.
C. Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new public virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new public virtual interface to the single VPC.
D. Provision a transit gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on each connection, and connect both private virtual interfaces to the transit gateway. Associate the transit gateway with the single VPC.

Hint Answer: A

Q20. A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple accounts. Due to regulatory requirements, the company wants to restrict specific member accounts to certain AWS Regions, where they are permitted to deploy resources. The resources in the accounts must be tagged, enforced based on a group standard, and centrally managed with minimal configuration. What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

A. Create an AWS Config rule in the specific member accounts to limit Regions and apply a tag policy.
B. From the AWS Billing and Cost Management console, in the master account, disable Regions for the specific member accounts and apply a tag policy on the root.
C. Associate the specific member accounts with the root. Apply a tag policy and an SCP using conditions to limit Regions.
D. Associate the specific member accounts with a new OU. Apply a tag policy and an SCP using conditions to limit Regions.

Hint Answer: D

Q21. A company’s AWS architecture currently uses access keys and secret access keys stored on each instance to access AWS services. Database credentials are hard-coded on each instance. SSH keys for command-tine remote access are stored in a secured Amazon S3 bucket. The company has asked its solutions architect to improve the security posture of the architecture without adding operational complexity. Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to accomplish this? (Select THREE.)

A. Use Amazon EC2 instance profiles with an IAM role.
B. Use AWS Secrets Manager to store access keys and secret access keys.
C. Use AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store to store database credentials.
D. Use a secure fleet of Amazon EC2 bastion hosts (or remote access.
E. Use AWS KMS to store database credentials.
F. Use AWS Systems Manager Session Manager tor remote access

Hint Answer: A C F

Q22. A company is using AWS CodePipeline for the CI/CO of an application to an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. All AWS resources are defined in AWS CloudFormation templates. The application artifacts are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket and deployed to the Auto Scaling group using instance user data scripts. As the application has become more complex, recent resource changes in the Cloud Formation templates have caused unplanned downtime. How should a solutions architect improve the CICD pipeline to reduce the likelihood that changes in the templates will cause downtime?

A. Adapt the deployment scripts to detect and report CloudFormation error conditions when performing deployments. Write test plans for a testing team to execute in a non-production environment before approving the change for production.
B. Implement automated testing using AWS CodeBuild in a test environment. Use CloudFormation change sets to evaluate changes before deployment. Use AWS CodeDeploy to leverage blue/green deployment patterns to allow evaluations and the ability to revert changes, if needed.
C. Use plugins for the integrated development environment (IDE) to check the templates for errors, and use the AWS CLI to validate that the templates are correct. Adapt the deployment code to check for error conditions and generate notifications on errors. Deploy to a test environment and execute a manual test plan before approving the change for production.
D. Use AWS CodeDeploy and a blue/green deployment pattern with CloudFormation to replace the user data deployment scripts. Have the operators log in to running instances and go through a manual test plan to verify the application is running as expected.

Hint Answer: B

Q23. A finance company hosts a data lake in Amazon S3. The company receives financial data records over SFTP each night from several third parties. The company runs its own SFTP server on an Amazon EC2 instance in a public subnet of a VPC. After the files are uploaded, they are moved to the data lake by a cron job that runs on the same instance. The SFTP server is reachable on DNS sftp.examWe.com through the use of Amazon Route 53. What should a solutions architect do to improve the reliability and scalability of the SFTP solution?

A. Move the EC2 instance into an Auto Scaling group. Place the EC2 instance behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the ALB.
B. Migrate the SFTP server to AWS Transfer for SFTP. Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the server endpoint hostname.
C. Migrate the SFTP server to a file gateway in AWS Storage Gateway. Update the DNS record sflp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the file gateway endpoint.
D. Place the EC2 instance behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the NLB.

Hint Answer: B

Q24. A company wants to migrate its corporate data center from on premises to the AWS Cloud. The data center includes physical servers and VMs that use VMware and Hyper-V. An administrator needs to select the correct services to collect data (or the initial migration discovery process. The data format should be supported by AWS Migration Hub. The company also needs the ability to generate reports from the data. Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Use the AWS Agentless Discovery Connector for data collection on physical servers and all VMs. Store the collected data in Amazon S3. Query the data with S3 Select. Generate reports by using Kibana hosted on Amazon EC2.
B. Use the AWS Application Discovery Service agent for data collection on physical servers and all VMs. Store the collected data in Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS). Query the data and generate reports with Amazon Athena.
C. Use the AWS Application Discovery Service agent for data collection on physical servers and Hyper-V. Use the AWS Agentless Discovery Connector for data collection on VMware. Store the collected data in Amazon S3. Query the data with Amazon Athena. Generate reports by using Amazon QuickSight.
D. Use the AWS Systems Manager agent for data collection on physical servers. Use the AWS Agentless Discovery Connector for data collection on all VMs. Store, query, and generate reports from the collected data by using Amazon Redshift.

Hint Answer: C

Q25. An education company is running a web application used by college students around the world. The application runs in an Amazon Elastic Container Service {Amazon ECS) cluster in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). A system administrator detects a weekly spike in the number of failed login attempts, which overwhelm the application’s authentication service. All the failed login attempts originate from about 500 different IP addresses that change each week. A solutions architect must prevent the failed login attempts from overwhelming the authentication service. Which solution meets these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

A. Use AWS Firewall Manager to create a security group and security group policy to deny access from the IP addresses.
B. Create an AWS WAF web ACL with a rate-based rule, and set the rule action to Block. Connect the web ACL to the ALB.
C. Use AWS Firewall Manager to create a security group and security group policy to allow access only to specific CIOR ranges.
D. Create an AWS WAF web ACL with an IP set match rule, and set the rule action to Block. Connect the web ACL to the ALB.

Hint Answer: B

Q26. A large company with hundreds of AWS accounts has a newly established centralized internal process for purchasing new or modifying existing Reserved Instances. This process requires all business units that want to purchase or modify Reserved Instances to submit requests to a dedicated team for procurement or execution. Previously, business units would directly purchase or modify Reserved Instances in their own respective AWS accounts autonomously. Which combination of steps should be taken to proactively enforce the new process in the MOST secure way possible? (Select TWO.)

A. Ensure all AWS accounts are part of an AWS Organizations structure operating in all features mode.
B. Use AWS Contig lo report on the attachment of an IAM policy that denies access to the ec2:PurchaseReservedlnstancesOffering and ec2:ModifyReservedlnstances actions.
C. In each AWS account, create an IAM policy with a DENY rule to the ec2:PurchaseReservedlnstancesOffering and ec2:ModifyReservedInstances actions.
D. Create an SCP that contains a deny rule to the ec2:PurchaseReservedlnstancesOffering and ec2: Modify Reserved Instances actions. Attach the SCP to each organizational unit (OU) of the AWS Organizations structure.
E. Ensure that all AWS accounts are part of an AWS Organizations structure operating in consolidated billing features mode.

Hint Answer: A D

Q27. A company standardized its method of deploying applications to AWS using AWS CodePipeline and AWS Cloud Formation. The applications are in Typescript and Python. The company has recently acquired another business that deploys applications to AWS using Python scripts. Developers from the newly acquired company are hesitant to move their applications under CloudFormation because it would require them to learn a new domain-specific language and eliminate their access to language features, such as looping. How can the acquired applications quickly be brought up to deployment standards while addressing the developers’ concerns?

A. Create CloudFormation templates and re-use parts of the Python scripts as instance user data. Use the AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) to deploy the application using these templates. Incorporate the AWS CDK into CodePipeline and deploy the application to AWS using these templates.
B. Use a third-party resource provisioning engine inside AWS CodeBuild to standardize the deployment processes of the existing and acquired company. Orchestrate the CodeBuild job using CodePipeline.
C. Standardize on AWS OpsWorks. Integrate OpsWorks with CodePipeline. Have the developers create Chef recipes to deploy their applications on AWS.
D. Define the AWS resources using Typescript or Python. Use the AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) to create CloudFormation templates from the developers’ code, and use the AWS CDK to create CloudFormation stacks. Incorporate the AWS CDK as a CodeBuild job in CodePipeline.

Hint Answer: D

Q28. A solutions architect needs to advise a company on how to migrate its on-premises data processing application to the AWS Cloud. Currently, users upload input files through a web portal. The web server then stores the uploaded files on NAS and messages the processing server over a message queue. Each media file can take up to 1 hour to process. The company has determined that the number of media files awaiting processing is significantly higher during business hours, with the number of files rapidly declining after business hours. What is the MOST cost-effective migration recommendation?

A. Create a queue using Amazon SQS. Configure the existing web server to publish to the new queue. When there are messages in the queue, invoke an AWS Lambda function to pull requests from the queue and process the files. Store the processed files in an Amazon S3 bucket.
B. Create a queue using Amazon MO. Configure the existing web server to publish to the new queue. When there are messages in the queue, create a new Amazon EC2 instance to pull requests from the queue and process the files. Store the processed files in Amazon EFS. Shut down the EC2 instance after the task is complete.
C. Create a queue using Amazon MO. Configure the existing web server to publish to the new queue. When there are messages in the queue, invoke an AWS Lambda function to pull requests from the queue and process the files. Store the processed files in Amazon EFS.
D. Create a queue using Amazon SOS. Configure the existing web server to publish to the new queue. Use Amazon EC2 instances in an EC2 Auto Scaling group to pull requests from the queue and process the files. Scale the EC2 instances based on the SOS queue length. Store the processed files in an Amazon S3 bucket.

Hint Answer: D

Q29. A company is planning on hosting its ecommerce platform on AWS using a multi-tier web application designed for a NoSQL database. The company plans to use the us-west-2 Region as its primary Region. The company wants to ensure that copies of the application and data are available in a second Region, us-west-1, for disaster recovery. The company wants to keep the time to fail over as low as possible. Failing back to the primary Region should be possible without administrative interaction after the primary service is restored. Which design should the solutions architect use?

A. Use AWS Cloud Formation StackSets to create the stacks in both Regions with Auto Scaling groups for the web and application tiers. Asynchronously replicate static content between Regions using Amazon S3 cross-Region replication. Use an Amazon Route 53 DNS failover routing policy to direct users to the secondary site in us-west-1 in the event of an outage. Use Amazon DynamoDB global tables for the database tier.
B. Use AWS Cloud Formation StackSets to create the stacks in both Regions with Auto Scaling groups for the web and application tiers. Asynchronously replicate static content between Regions using Amazon S3 cross-Region replication. Use an Amazon Route 53 DNS failover routing policy to direct users to the secondary site in us-west-1 in the event of an outage. Deploy an Amazon Aurora global database for the database tier.
C. Use AWS Service Catalog to deploy the web and application servers in both Regions. Asynchronously replicate static content between the two Regions using Amazon S3 cross-Region replication. Use Amazon Route 53 health checks to identify a primary Region failure and update the public DNS entry listing to the secondary Region in the event of an outage. Use Amazon RDS for MySQL with cross-Region replication for the database tier.
D. Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to create the stacks in both Regions using Auto Scaling groups for the web and application tiers. Asynchronously replicate static content between Regions using Amazon S3 cross-Region replication. Use Amazon CloudFront with static files in Amazon S3, and multi-Region origins for the front-end web tier. Use Amazon DynamoD8 tables in each Region with scheduled backups to Amazon S3.

Hint Answer: A