AWS Certified Security Specialty SCS-C02

Question #: 61
Topic #: 1
A security engineer logs in to the AWS Lambda console with administrator permissions. The security engineer is trying to view logs in Amazon CloudWatch for a Lambda function that is named myFunction. When the security engineer chooses the option in the Lambda console to view logs in CloudWatch, an “error loading Log Streams” message appears.
The IAM policy for the Lambda function’s execution role contains the following:

How should the security engineer correct the error?

A. Move the logs:CreateLogGroup action to the second Allow statement.
B. Add the logs:PutDestination action to the second Allow statement.
C. Add the logs:GetLogEvents action to the second Allow statement.
D. Add the logs:CreateLogStream action to the second Allow statement.

Selected Answer: D

Question #: 62
Topic #: 1
A company has a new partnership with a vendor. The vendor will process data from the company’s customers. The company will upload data files as objects into an Amazon S3 bucket. The vendor will download the objects to perform data processing. The objects will contain sensitive data.
A security engineer must implement a solution that prevents objects from residing in the S3 bucket for longer than 72 hours.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Use Amazon Macie to scan the S3 bucket for sensitive data every 72 hours. Configure Macie to delete the objects that contain sensitive data when they are discovered.
B. Configure an S3 Lifecycle rule on the S3 bucket to expire objects that have been in the S3 bucket for 72 hours.
C. Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule that invokes an AWS Lambda function every day. Program the Lambda function to remove any objects that have been in the S3 bucket for 72 hours.
D. Use the S3 Intelligent-Tiering storage class for all objects that are uploaded to the S3 bucket. Use S3 Intelligent-Tiering to expire objects that have been in the $3 bucket for 72 hours.

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 63
Topic #: 1
A company accidentally deleted the private key for an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS)-backed Amazon EC2 instance. A security engineer needs to regain access to the instance.
Which combination of steps will meet this requirement? (Choose two.)

A. Stop the instance. Detach the root volume. Generate a new key pair.
B. Keep the instance running. Detach the root volume. Generate a new key pair.
C. When the volume is detached from the original instance, attach the volume to another instance as a data volume. Modify the authorized_keys file with a new public key. Move the volume back to the original instance. Start the instance.
D. When the volume is detached from the original instance, attach the volume to another instance as a data volume. Modify the authorized_keys file with a new private key. Move the volume back to the original instance. Start the instance.
E. When the volume is detached from the original instance, attach the volume to another instance as a data volume. Modify the authorized_keys file with a new public key. Move the volume back to the original instance that is running.

Selected Answer: AC

Question #: 64
Topic #: 1
A company purchased a subscription to a third-party cloud security scanning solution that integrates with AWS Security Hub. A security engineer needs to implement a solution that will remediate the findings from the third-party scanning solution automatically.
Which solution will meet this requirement?

A. Set up an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to new Security Hub findings. Configure an AWS Lambda function as the target for the rule to remediate the findings.
B. Set up a custom action in Security Hub. Configure the custom action to call AWS Systems Manager Automation runbooks to remediate the findings.
C. Set up a custom action in Security Hub. Configure an AWS Lambda function as the target for the custom action to remediate the findings.
D. Set up AWS Config rules to use AWS Systems Manager Automation runbooks to remediate the findings.

Selected Answer: A

Question #: 65
Topic #: 1
An application is running on an Amazon EC2 instance that has an IAM role attached. The IAM role provides access to an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key and an Amazon S3 bucket. The key is used to access 2 TB of sensitive data that is stored in the S3 bucket.
A security engineer discovers a potential vulnerability on the EC2 instance that could result in the compromise of the sensitive data. Due to other critical operations, the security engineer cannot immediately shut down the EC2 instance for vulnerability patching.
What is the FASTEST way to prevent the sensitive data from being exposed?

A. Download the data from the existing S3 bucket to a new EC2 instance. Then delete the data from the S3 bucket. Re-encrypt the data with a client-based key. Upload the data to a new S3 bucket.
B. Block access to the public range of S3 endpoint IP addresses by using a host-based firewall. Ensure that internet-bound traffic from the affected EC2 instance is routed through the host-based firewall.
C. Revoke the IAM role’s active session permissions. Update the S3 bucket policy to deny access to the IAM role. Remove the IAM role from the EC2 instance profile.
D. Disable the current key. Create a new KMS key that the IAM role does not have access to, and re-encrypt all the data with the new key. Schedule the compromised key for deletion.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 66
Topic #: 1
A company is building an application on AWS that will store sensitive information. The company has a support team with access to the IT infrastructure, including databases. The company’s security engineer must introduce measures to protect the sensitive data against any data breach while minimizing management overhead. The credentials must be regularly rotated.
What should the security engineer recommend?

A. Enable Amazon RDS encryption to encrypt the database and snapshots. Enable Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) encryption on Amazon EC2 instances. Include the database credential in the EC2 user data field. Use an AWS Lambda function to rotate database credentials. Set up TLS for the connection to the database.
B. Install a database on an Amazon EC2 instance. Enable third-party disk encryption to encrypt the Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume. Store the database credentials in AWS CloudHSM with automatic rotation. Set up TLS for the connection to the database.
C. Enable Amazon RDS encryption to encrypt the database and snapshots. Enable Amazon Elastic Black Store (Amazon EBS) encryption on Amazon EC2 instances. Store the database credentials in AWS Secrets Manager with automatic rotation. Set up TLS for the connection to the RDS hosted database.
D. Set up an AWS CloudHSM cluster with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) to store KMS keys. Set up Amazon RDS encryption using AWS KMS to encrypt the database. Store database credentials in the AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store with automatic rotation. Set up TLS for the connection to the RDS hosted database.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 67
Topic #: 1
A company is using Amazon Route 53 Resolver for its hybrid DNS infrastructure. The company has set up Route 53 Resolver forwarding rules for authoritative domains that are hosted on on-premises DNS servers.

A new security mandate requires the company to implement a solution to log and query DNS traffic that goes to the on-premises DNS servers. The logs must show details of the source IP address of the instance from which the query originated. The logs also must show the DNS name that was requested in Route 53 Resolver.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Use VPC Traffic Mirroring. Configure all relevant elastic network interfaces as the traffic source, include amazon-dns in the mirror filter, and set Amazon CloudWatch Logs as the mirror target. Use CloudWatch Insights on the mirror session logs to run queries on the source IP address and DNS name.
B. Configure VPC flow logs on all relevant VPCs. Send the logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to run SQL queries on the source IP address and DNS name.
C. Configure Route 53 Resolver query logging on all relevant VPCs. Send the logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use CloudWatch Insights to run queries on the source IP address and DNS name.
D. Modify the Route 53 Resolver rules on the authoritative domains that forward to the on-premises DNS servers. Send the logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to run SQL queries on the source IP address and DNS name.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 68
Topic #: 1
A security engineer is configuring account-based access control (ABAC) to allow only specific principals to put objects into an Amazon S3 bucket. The principals already have access to Amazon S3.

The security engineer needs to configure a bucket policy that allows principals to put objects into the S3 bucket only if the value of the Team tag on the object matches the value of the Team tag that is associated with the principal. During testing, the security engineer notices that a principal can still put objects into the S3 bucket when the tag values do not match.

Which combination of factors are causing the PutObject operation to succeed when the tag values are different? (Choose two.)

A. The principal’s identity-based policy grants access to put objects into the S3 bucket with no conditions.
B. The principal’s identity-based policy overrides the condition because the identity-based policy contains an explicit allow.
C. The S3 bucket’s resource policy does not deny access to put objects.
D. The S3 bucket’s resource policy cannot allow actions to the principal.
E. The bucket policy does not apply to principals in the same zone of trust.

Selected Answer: AC

Question #: 69
Topic #: 1
A company is hosting multiple applications within a single VPC in its AWS account. The applications are running behind an Application Load Balancer that is associated with an AWS WAF web ACL. The company’s security team has identified that multiple port scans are originating from a specific range of IP addresses on the internet.

A security engineer needs to deny access from the offending IP addresses.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Modify the AWS WAF web ACL with an IP set match rule statement to deny incoming requests from the IP address range.
B. Add a rule to all security groups to deny the incoming requests from the IP address range.
C. Modify the AWS WAF web ACL with a rate-based rule statement to deny the incoming requests from the IP address range.
D. Configure the AWS WAF web ACL with regex match conditions. Specify a pattern set to deny the incoming requests based on the match condition.

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 70
Topic #: 1
A company has contracted with a third party to audit several AWS accounts. To enable the audit, cross-account IAM roles have been created in each account targeted for audit. The auditor is having trouble accessing some of the accounts.

Which of the following may be causing this problem? (Choose three.)

A. The external ID used by the auditor is missing or incorrect.
B. The auditor is using the incorrect password.
C. The auditor has not been granted sts:AssumeRole for the role in the destination account.
D. The Amazon EC2 role used by the auditor must be set to the destination account role.
E. The secret key used by the auditor is missing or incorrect.
F. The role ARN used by the auditor is missing or incorrect.

Selected Answer: AC

Question #: 71
Topic #: 1
A security engineer needs to configure an Amazon S3 bucket policy to restrict access to an S3 bucket that is named DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET. The policy must allow access to only DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET from only the following endpoint: vpce-1a2b3c4d. The policy must deny all access to DOC-EXAMPLE-BUCKET if the specified endpoint is not used.

Which bucket policy statement meets these requirements?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Selected Answer: D

Question #: 72
Topic #: 1
A company has a group of Amazon EC2 instances in a single private subnet of a VPC with no internet gateway attached. A security engineer has installed the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all instances in that subnet to capture logs from a specific application. To ensure that the logs flow securely, the company’s networking team has created VPC endpoints for CloudWatch monitoring and CloudWatch logs. The networking team has attached the endpoints to the VPC.

The application is generating logs However, when the security engineer queries CloudWatch, the logs do not appear.

Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to troubleshoot this issue? (Choose three.)

A. Ensure that the EC2 instance profile that is attached to the EC2 instances has permissions to create log streams and write logs.
B. Create a metric filter on the logs so that they can be viewed in the AWS Management Console.
C. Check the CloudWatch agent configuration file on each EC2 instance to make sure that the CloudWatch agent is collecting the proper log files.
D. Check the VPC endpoint policies of both VPC endpoints to ensure that the EC2 instances have permissions to use them.
E. Create a NAT gateway in the subnet so that the EC2 instances can communicate with CloudWatch.
F. Ensure that the security groups allow all the EC2 instances to communicate with each other to aggregate logs before sending.

Selected Answer: ACD

Question #: 73
Topic #: 1
A company uses AWS Signer with all of the company’s AWS Lambda functions. A developer recently stopped working for the company. The company wants to ensure that all the code that the developer wrote can no longer be deployed to the Lambda functions.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

A. Revoke all versions of the signing profile assigned to the developer.
B. Examine the developer’s IAM roles. Remove all permissions that grant access to Signer.
C. Re-encrypt all source code with a new AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key.
D. Use Amazon CodeGuru to profile all the code that the Lambda functions use.

Selected Answer: A

Question #: 74
Topic #: 1
A company plans to use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) to implement an encryption strategy to protect data at rest. The company requires client-side encryption for company projects. The company is currently conducting multiple projects to test the company’s use of AWS KMS. These tests have led to a sudden increase in the company’s AWS resource consumption. The test projects include applications that issue multiple requests each second to KMS endpoints for encryption activities.

The company needs to develop a solution that does not throttle the company’s ability to use AWS KMS. The solution must improve key usage for client-side encryption and must be cost optimized.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Use keyrings with the AWS Encryption SDK. Use each keyring individually or combine keyrings into a multi-keyring. Decrypt the data by using a keyring that has the primary key in the multi-keyring.
B. Use data key caching. Use the local cache that the AWS Encryption SDK provides with a caching cryptographic materials manager.
C. Use KMS key rotation. Use a local cache in the AWS Encryption SDK with a caching cryptographic materials manager.
D. Use keyrings with the AWS Encryption SDK. Use each keyring individually or combine keyrings into a multi-keyring. Use any of the wrapping keys in the multi-keyring to decrypt the data.

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 75
Topic #: 1
A security team is working on a solution that will use Amazon EventBridge to monitor new Amazon S3 objects. The solution will monitor for public access and for changes to any S3 bucket policy or setting that result in public access. The security team configures EventBridge to watch for specific API calls that are logged from AWS CloudTrail. EventBridge has an action to send an email notification through Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to the security team immediately with details of the API call.

Specifically, the security team wants EventBridge to watch for the s3:PutObjectAcl, s3:DeleteBucketPolicy, and s3:PutBucketPolicy API invocation logs from CloudTrail. While developing the solution in a single account, the security team discovers that the s3:PutObjectAcl API call does not invoke an EventBridge event However, the s3:DeleteBucketPolicy API call and the s3:PutBucketPolicy API call do invoke an event.

The security team has enabled CloudTrail for AWS management events with a basic configuration in the AWS Region in which EventBridge is being tested. Verification of the EventBridge event pattern indicates that the pattern is set up correctly. The security team must implement a solution so that the s3:PutObjectAcl API call will invoke an EventBridge event. The solution must not generate false notifications.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Modify the EventBridge event pattern by selecting Amazon S3. Select All Events as the event type.
B. Modify the EventBridge event pattern by selecting Amazon S3. Select Bucket Level Operations as the event type.
C. Enable CloudTrail Insights to identify unusual API activity.
D. Enable CloudTrail to monitor data events for read and write operations to S3 buckets.

Selected Answer: D

Question #: 76
Topic #: 1
A company uses Amazon GuardDuty. The company’s security team wants all High severity findings to automatically generate a ticket in a third-party ticketing system through email integration.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

A. Create a verified identity for the third-party ticketing email system in Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES). Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that includes an event pattern that matches High severity GuardDuty findings. Specify the SES identity as the target for the EventBridge rule.
B. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the third-party ticketing email system to the SNS topic. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that includes an event pattern that matches High severity GuardDuty findings. Specify the SNS topic as the target for the EventBridge rule.
C. Use the GuardDuty CreateFilter API operation to build a filter in GuardDuty to monitor for High severity findings. Export the results of the filter to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the third-party ticketing email system to the SNS topic.
D. Use the GuardDuty CreateFilter API operation to build a filter in GuardDuty to monitor for High severity findings. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the third-party ticketing email system to the SNS topic. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that includes an event pattern that matches GuardDuty findings that are selected by the filter. Specify the SNS topic as the target for the EventBridge rule.

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 77
Topic #: 1
A company is using AWS Organizations to implement a multi-account strategy. The company does not have on-premises infrastructure. All workloads run on AWS. The company currently has eight member accounts. The company anticipates that it will have no more than 20 AWS accounts total at any time.

The company issues a new security policy that contains the following requirements:

• No AWS account should use a VPC within the AWS account for workloads.
• The company should use a centrally managed VPC that all AWS accounts can access to launch workloads in subnets.
• No AWS account should be able to modify another AWS account’s application resources within the centrally managed VPC.
• The centrally managed VPC should reside in an existing AWS account that is named Ac-count-A within an organization.

The company uses an AWS CloudFormation template to create a VPC that contains multiple subnets in Account-A. This template exports the subnet IDs through the CloudFormation Outputs section.

Which solution will complete the security setup to meet these requirements?

A. Use a CloudFormation template in the member accounts to launch workloads. Configure the template to use the Fn::ImportValue function to obtain the subnet ID values.
B. Use a transit gateway in the VPC within Account-A. Configure the member accounts to use the transit gateway to access the subnets in Account-A to launch workloads.
C. Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share Account-A’s VPC subnets with the remaining member accounts. Configure the member accounts to use the shared subnets to launch workloads.
D. Create a peering connection between Account-A and the remaining member accounts. Configure the member accounts to use the subnets in Account-A through the VPC peering connection to launch workloads.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 78
Topic #: 1
A company’s security team needs to receive a notification whenever an AWS access key has not been rotated in 90 or more days. A security engineer must develop a solution that provides these notifications automatically.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort?

A. Deploy an AWS Config managed rule to run on a periodic basis of 24 hours. Select the access-keys-rotated managed rule, and set the maxAccessKeyAge parameter to 90 days. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule with an event pattern that matches the compliance type of NON_ COMPLIANT from AWS Config for the managed rule. Configure EventBridge to send an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notification to the security team.
B. Create a script to export a .csv file from the AWS Trusted Advisor check for IAM access key rotation. Load the script into an AWS Lambda function that will upload the .csv file to an Amazon S3 bucket. Create an Amazon Athena table query that runs when the .csv file is uploaded to the S3 bucket. Publish the results for any keys older than 90 days by using an invocation of an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notification to the security team.
C. Create a script to download the IAM credentials report on a periodic basis. Load the script into an AWS Lambda function that will run on a schedule through Amazon EventBridge. Configure the Lambda script to load the report into memory and to filter the report for records in which the key was last rotated at least 90 days ago. If any records are detected, send an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notification to the security team.
D. Create an AWS Lambda function that queries the IAM API to list all the users. Iterate through the users by using the ListAccessKeys operation. Verify that the value in the CreateDate field is not at least 90 days old. Send an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notification to the security team if the value is at least 90 days old. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to schedule the Lambda function to run each day.

Selected Answer: A

Question #: 79
Topic #: 1
A company maintains an open-source application that is hosted on a public GitHub repository. While creating a new commit to the repository, an engineer uploaded their AWS access key and secret access key. The engineer reported the mistake to a manager, and the manager immediately disabled the access key.

The company needs to assess the impact of the exposed access key. A security engineer must recommend a solution that requires the least possible managerial overhead.

Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Analyze an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) use report from AWS Trusted Advisor to see when the access key was last used.
B. Analyze Amazon CloudWatch Logs for activity by searching for the access key.
C. Analyze VPC flow logs for activity by searching for the access key.
D. Analyze a credential report in AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to see when the access key was last used.

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 80
Topic #: 1
A company plans to create individual child accounts within an existing organization in AWS Organizations for each of its DevOps teams. AWS CloudTrail has been enabled and configured on all accounts to write audit logs to an Amazon S3 bucket in a centralized AWS account. A security engineer needs to ensure that DevOps team members are unable to modify or disable this configuration.

How can the security engineer meet these requirements?

A. Create an IAM policy that prohibits changes to the specific CloudTrail trail and apply the policy to the AWS account root user.
B. Create an S3 bucket policy in the specified destination account for the CloudTrail trail that prohibits configuration changes from the AWS account root user in the source account.
C. Create an SCP that prohibits changes to the specific CloudTrail trail and apply the SCP to the appropriate organizational unit or account in Organizations.
D. Create an IAM policy that prohibits changes to the specific CloudTrail trail and apply the policy to a new IAM group. Have team members use individual IAM accounts that are members of the new IAM group.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 81
Topic #: 1
A company’s policy requires that all API keys be encrypted and stored separately from source code in a centralized security account. This security account is managed by the company’s security team. However, an audit revealed that an API key is stored with the source code of an AWS Lambda function in an AWS CodeCommit repository in the DevOps account.

How should the security team securely store the API key?

A. Create a CodeCommit repository in the security account using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) for encryption. Require the development team to migrate the Lambda source code to this repository.
B. Store the API key in an Amazon S3 bucket in the security account using server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed encryption keys (SSE-S3) to encrypt the key. Create a presigned URL for the S3 key, and specify the URL in a Lambda environmental variable in the AWS CloudFormation template. Update the Lambda function code to retrieve the key using the URL and call the API.
C. Create a secret in AWS Secrets Manager in the security account to store the API key using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) for encryption. Grant access to the IAM role used by the Lambda function so that the function can retrieve the key from Secrets Manager and call the API.
D. Create an encrypted environment variable for the Lambda function to store the API key using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) for encryption. Grant access to the IAM role used by the Lambda function so that the function can decrypt the key at runtime.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 82
Topic #: 1
A security engineer is asked to update an AWS CloudTrail log file prefix for an existing trail. When attempting to save the change in the CloudTrail console, the security engineer receives the following error message: “There is a problem with the bucket policy.”

What will enable the security engineer to save the change?

A. Create a new trail with the updated log file prefix, and then delete the original trail. Update the existing bucket policy in the Amazon S3 console with the new log file prefix, and then update the log file prefix in the CloudTrail console.
B. Update the existing bucket policy in the Amazon S3 console to allow the security engineer’s principal to perform PutBucketPolicy, and then update the log file prefix in the CloudTrail console.
C. Update the existing bucket policy in the Amazon S3 console with the new log file prefix, and then update the log file prefix in the CloudTrail console.
D. Update the existing bucket policy in the Amazon S3 console to allow the security engineer’s principal to perform GetBucketPolicy, and then update the log file prefix in the CloudTrail console.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 83
Topic #: 1
A company uses AWS Organizations. The company wants to implement short-term credentials for third-party AWS accounts to use to access accounts within the company’s organization. Access is for the AWS Management Console and third-party software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications. Trust must be enhanced to prevent two external accounts from using the same credentials. The solution must require the least possible operational effort.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Use a bearer token authentication with OAuth or SAML to manage and share a central Amazon Cognito user pool across multiple Amazon API Gateway APIs.
B. Implement AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On), and use an identity source of choice. Grant access to users and groups from other accounts by using permission sets that are assigned by account.
C. Create a unique IAM role for each external account. Create a trust policy Use AWS Secrets Manager to create a random external key.
D. Create a unique IAM role for each external account. Create a trust policy that includes a condition that uses the sts:ExternalId condition key.

Selected Answer: D

Question #: 84
Topic #: 1
A company is evaluating its security posture. In the past, the company has observed issues with specific hosts and host header combinations that affected the company’s business. The company has configured AWS WAF web ACLs as an initial step to mitigate these issues.

The company must create a log analysis solution for the AWS WAF web ACLs to monitor problematic activity. The company wants to process all the AWS WAF logs in a central location. The company must have the ability to filter out requests based on specific hosts.

A security engineer starts to enable access logging for the AWS WAF web ACLs.

What should the security engineer do next to meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

A. Specify Amazon Redshift as the destination for the access logs. Deploy the Amazon Athena Redshift connector. Use Athena to query the data from Amazon Redshift and to filter the logs by host.
B. Specify Amazon CloudWatch as the destination for the access logs. Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs Insights to design a query to filter the logs by host.
C. Specify Amazon CloudWatch as the destination for the access logs. Export the CloudWatch logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to query the logs and to filter the logs by host.
D. Specify Amazon CloudWatch as the destination for the access logs. Use Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query the logs and to filter the logs by host.

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 85
Topic #: 1
A security engineer is trying to use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create an image of an EC2 instance. The security engineer has configured the pipeline to send logs to an Amazon S3 bucket. When the security engineer runs the pipeline, the build fails with the following error: “AccessDenied: Access Denied status code: 403”.

The security engineer must resolve the error by implementing a solution that complies with best practices for least privilege access.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A. Ensure that the following policies are attached to the IAM role that the security engineer is using·EC2InstanceProfileForImageBuilder, EC2InstanceProfileForImageBuilderECRContainerBuilds, and AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore.
B. Ensure that the following policies are attached to the instance profile for the EC2 instance: EC2InstanceProfileForImageBuilder, EC2InstanceProfileForImageBuilderECRContainerBuilds, and AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore.
C. Ensure that the AWSImageBuilderFullAccess policy is attached to the instance profile for the EC2 instance.
D. Ensure that the security engineer’s IAM role has the s3:PutObject permission for the S3 bucket.
E. Ensure that the instance profile for the EC2 instance has the s3:PutObject permission for the S3 bucket.

Selected Answer: BE

Question #: 86
Topic #: 1
A security engineer must use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) to design a key management solution for a set of Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that contain sensitive data. The solution needs to ensure that the key material automatically expires in 90 days.

Which solution meets these criteria?

A. A customer managed key that uses customer provided key material
B. A customer managed key that uses AWS provided key material
C. An AWS managed key
D. Operating system encryption that uses GnuPG

Selected Answer: A

Question #: 87
Topic #: 1
A security engineer is building a Java application that is running on Amazon EC2. The application communicates with an Amazon RDS instance and authenticates with a user name and password.

Which combination of steps can the engineer take to protect the credentials and minimize downtime when the credentials are rotated? (Choose two.)

A. Have a database administrator encrypt the credentials and store the ciphertext in Amazon S3. Grant permission to the instance role associated with the EC2 instance to read the object and decrypt the ciphertext.
B. Configure a scheduled job that updates the credential in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store and notifies the engineer that the application needs to be restarted.
C. Configure automatic rotation of credentials in AWS Secrets Manager.
D. Store the credential in an encrypted string parameter in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Grant permission to the instance role associated with the EC2 instance to access the parameter and the AWS KMS key that is used to encrypt it.
E. Configure the Java application to catch a connection failure and make a call to AWS Secrets Manager to retrieve updated credentials when the password is rotated. Grant permission to the instance role associated with the EC2 instance to access Secrets Manager.

Selected Answer: CE

Question #: 88
Topic #: 1
A company uses SAML federation to grant users access to AWS accounts. A company workload that is in an isolated AWS account runs on immutable infrastructure with no human access to Amazon EC2. The company requires a specialized user known as a break glass user to have access to the workload AWS account and instances in the case of SAML errors. A recent audit discovered that the company did not create the break glass user for the AWS account that contains the workload.

The company must create the break glass user. The company must log any activities of the break glass user and send the logs to a security team.

Which combination of solutions will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A. Create a local individual break glass IAM user for the security team. Create a trail in AWS CloudTrail that has Amazon CloudWatch Logs turned on. Use Amazon EventBridge to monitor local user activities.
B. Create a break glass EC2 key pair for the AWS account. Provide the key pair to the security team. Use AWS CloudTrail to monitor key pair activity. Send notifications to the security team by using Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS).
C. Create a break glass IAM role for the account. Allow security team members to perform the AssumeRoleWithSAML operation. Create an AWS CloudTrail trail that has Amazon CloudWatch Logs turned on. Use Amazon EventBridge to monitor security team activities.
D. Create a local individual break glass IAM user on the operating system level of each workload instance. Configure unrestricted security groups on the instances to grant access to the break glass IAM users.
E. Configure AWS Systems Manager Session Manager for Amazon EC2. Configure an AWS CloudTrail filter based on Session Manager. Send the results to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.

Selected Answer: AE

Question #: 89
Topic #: 1
A security engineer is working with a product team building a web application on AWS. The application uses Amazon S3 to host the static content, Amazon API Gateway to provide RESTful services, and Amazon DynamoDB as the backend data store. The users already exist in a directory that is exposed through a SAML identity provider.

Which combination of the following actions should the engineer take to allow users to be authenticated into the web application and call APIs? (Choose three.)

A. Create a custom authorization service using AWS Lambda.
B. Configure a SAML identity provider in Amazon Cognito to map attributes to the Amazon Cognito user pool attributes.
C. Configure the SAML identity provider to add the Amazon Cognito user pool as a relying party.
D. Configure an Amazon Cognito identity pool to integrate with social login providers.
E. Update DynamoDB to store the user email addresses and passwords.
F. Update API Gateway to use a COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer.

Selected Answer: BCF

Question #: 90
Topic #: 1
A company needs to improve its ability to identify and prevent IAM policies that grant public access or cross-account access to resources. The company has implemented AWS Organizations and has started using AWS Identity and Access Management Access Analyzer to refine overly broad access to accounts in the organization.

A security engineer must automate a response in the company’s organization for any newly created policies that are overly permissive. The automation must remediate external access and must notify the company’s security team.

Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

A. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine that checks the resource type in the finding and adds an explicit Deny statement in the trust policy for the IAM role. Configure the state machine to publish a notification to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.
B. Create an AWS Batch job that forwards any resource type findings to an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to add an explicit Deny statement in the trust policy for the IAM role. Configure the AWS Batch job to publish a notification to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.
C. In Amazon EventBridge, create an event rule that matches active IAM Access Analyzer findings and invokes AWS Step Functions for resolution.
D. In Amazon CloudWatch, create a metric filter that matches active IAM Access Analyzer findings and invokes AWS Batch for resolution.
E. Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Configure the queue to forward a notification to the security team that an external principal has been granted access to the specific IAM role and has been blocked.
F. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic for external or cross-account access notices. Subscribe the security team’s email addresses to the topic.

Selected Answer: ACF