AWS Certified Security Specialty SCS-C02

Question #: 31
Topic #: 1
A team is using AWS Secrets Manager to store an application database password. Only a limited number of IAM principals within the account can have access to the secret. The principals who require access to the secret change frequently. A security engineer must create a solution that maximizes flexibility and scalability.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Use a role-based approach by creating an IAM role with an inline permissions policy that allows access to the secret. Update the IAM principals in the role trust policy as required.
B. Deploy a VPC endpoint for Secrets Manager. Create and attach an endpoint policy that specifies the IAM principals that are allowed to access the secret. Update the list of IAM principals as required.
C. Use a tag-based approach by attaching a resource policy to the secret. Apply tags to the secret and the IAM principals. Use the aws:PrincipalTag and aws:ResourceTag IAM condition keys to control access.
D. Use a deny-by-default approach by using IAM policies to deny access to the secret explicitly. Attach the policies to an IAM group. Add all IAM principals to the IAM group. Remove principals from the group when they need access. Add the principals to the group again when access is no longer allowed.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 32
Topic #: 1
A company is hosting a web application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The application has become the target of a DoS attack. Application logging shows that requests are coming from a small number of client IP addresses, but the addresses change regularly.
The company needs to block the malicious traffic with a solution that requires the least amount of ongoing effort.
Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Create an AWS WAF rate-based rule, and attach it to the ALB.
B. Update the security group that is attached to the ALB to block the attacking IP addresses.
C. Update the ALB subnet’s network ACL to block the attacking client IP addresses.
D. Create an AWS WAF rate-based rule, and attach it to the security group of the EC2 instances.

Selected Answer: A

Question #: 33
Topic #: 1
A company has hundreds of AWS accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company operates out of a single AWS Region. The company has a dedicated security tooling AWS account in the organization. The security tooling account is configured as the organization’s delegated administrator for Amazon GuardDuty and AWS Security Hub. The company has configured the environment to automatically enable GuardDuty and Security Hub for existing AWS accounts and new AWS accounts.
The company is performing control tests on specific GuardDuty findings to make sure that the company’s security team can detect and respond to security events. The security team launched an Amazon EC2 instance and attempted to run DNS requests against a test domain, example.com, to generate a DNS finding. However, the GuardDuty finding was never created in the Security Hub delegated administrator account.
Why was the finding was not created in the Security Hub delegated administrator account?

A. VPC flow logs were not turned on for the VPC where the EC2 instance was launched.
B. The VPC where the EC2 instance was launched had the DHCP option configured for a custom OpenDNS resolver.
C. The GuardDuty integration with Security Hub was never activated in the AWS account where the finding was generated.
D. Cross-Region aggregation in Security Hub was not configured.

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 34
Topic #: 1
An ecommerce company has a web application architecture that runs primarily on containers. The application containers are deployed on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). The container images for the application are stored in Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR).
The company’s security team is performing an audit of components of the application architecture. The security team identifies issues with some container images that are stored in the container repositories.
The security team wants to address these issues by implementing continual scanning and on-push scanning of the container images. The security team needs to implement a solution that makes any findings from these scans visible in a centralized dashboard. The security team plans to use the dashboard to view these findings along with other security-related findings that they intend to generate in the future. There are specific repositories that the security team needs to exclude from the scanning process.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Use Amazon Inspector. Create inclusion rules in Amazon ECR to match repositories that need to be scanned. Push Amazon Inspector findings to AWS Security Hub.
B. Use ECR basic scanning of container images. Create inclusion rules in Amazon ECR to match repositories that need to be scanned. Push findings to AWS Security Hub.
C. Use ECR basic scanning of container images. Create inclusion rules in Amazon ECR to match repositories that need to be scanned. Push findings to Amazon Inspector.
D. Use Amazon Inspector. Create inclusion rules in Amazon Inspector to match repositories that need to be scanned. Push Amazon Inspector findings to AWS Config.

Selected Answer: A

Question #: 35
Topic #: 1
A company has a single AWS account and uses an Amazon EC2 instance to test application code. The company recently discovered that the instance was compromised. The instance was serving up malware. The analysis of the instance showed that the instance was compromised 35 days ago.
A security engineer must implement a continuous monitoring solution that automatically notifies the company’s security team about compromised instances through an email distribution list for high severity findings. The security engineer must implement the solution as soon as possible.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

A. Enable AWS Security Hub in the AWS account.
B. Enable Amazon GuardDuty in the AWS account.
C. Create an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Subscribe the security team’s email distribution list to the topic.
D. Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Subscribe the security team’s email distribution list to the queue.
E. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for GuardDuty findings of high severity. Configure the rule to publish a message to the topic.
F. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule for Security Hub findings of high severity. Configure the rule to publish a message to the queue.

Selected Answer: BCE

Question #: 36
Topic #: 1
A company uses identity federation to authenticate users into an identity account (987654321987) where the users assume an IAM role named IdentityRole. The users then assume an IAM role named JobFunctionRole in the target AWS account (123456789123) to perform their job functions.
A user is unable to assume the IAM role in the target account. The policy attached to the role in the identity account is:

What should be done to enable the user to assume the appropriate role in the target account?

A. Update the IAM policy attached to the role in the identity account to be:
B. Update the trust policy on the role in the target account to be:
C. Update the trust policy on the role in the identity account to be:
D. Update the IAM policy attached to the role in the target account to be:

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 37
Topic #: 1
A company is using AWS Organizations to manage multiple AWS accounts for its human resources, finance, software development, and production departments. All the company’s developers are part of the software development AWS account.
The company discovers that developers have launched Amazon EC2 instances that were preconfigured with software that the company has not approved for use. The company wants to implement a solution to ensure that developers can launch EC2 instances with only approved software applications and only in the software development AWS account.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. In the software development account, create AMIs of preconfigured instances that include only approved software. Include the AMI IDs in the condition section of an AWS CloudFormation template to launch the appropriate AMI based on the AWS Region. Provide the developers with the CloudFormation template to launch EC2 instances in the software development account.
B. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that runs when any EC2 RunInstances API event occurs in the software development account. Specify AWS Systems Manager Run Command as a target of the rule. Configure Run Command to run a script that will install all approved software onto the instances that the developers launch.
C. Use an AWS Service Catalog portfolio that contains EC2 products with appropriate AMIs that include only approved software. Grant the developers permission to access only the Service Catalog portfolio to launch a product in the software development account.
D. In the management account, create AMIs of preconfigured instances that include only approved software. Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to launch the AMIs across any AWS account in the organization. Grant the developers permission to launch the stack sets within the management account.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 38
Topic #: 1
A company has enabled Amazon GuardDuty in all AWS Regions as part of its security monitoring strategy. In one of its VPCs, the company hosts an Amazon EC2 instance that works as an FTP server. A high number of clients from multiple locations contact the FTP server. GuardDuty identifies this activity as a brute force attack because of the high number of connections that happen every hour.
The company has flagged the finding as a false positive, but GuardDuty continues to raise the issue. A security engineer must improve the signal-to-noise ratio without compromising the company’s visibility of potential anomalous behavior.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Disable the FTP rule in GuardDuty in the Region where the FTP server is deployed.
B. Add the FTP server to a trusted IP list. Deploy the list to GuardDuty to stop receiving the notifications.
C. Create a suppression rule in GuardDuty to filter findings by automatically archiving new findings that match the specified criteria.
D. Create an AWS Lambda function that has the appropriate permissions to delete the finding whenever a new occurrence is reported.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 39
Topic #: 1
A company is running internal microservices on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with the Amazon EC2 launch type. The company is using Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) private repositories.
A security engineer needs to encrypt the private repositories by using AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS). The security engineer also needs to analyze the container images for any common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs).
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Enable KMS encryption on the existing ECR repositories. Install Amazon Inspector Agent from the ECS container instances’ user data. Run an assessment with the CVE rules.
B. Recreate the ECR repositories with KMS encryption and ECR scanning enabled. Analyze the scan report after the next push of images.
C. Recreate the ECR repositories with KMS encryption and ECR scanning enabled. Install AWS Systems Manager Agent on the ECS container instances. Run an inventory report.
D. Enable KMS encryption on the existing ECR repositories. Use AWS Trusted Advisor to check the ECS container instances and to verify the findings against a list of current CVEs.

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 40
Topic #: 1
A company’s security engineer has been tasked with restricting a contractor’s IAM account access to the company’s Amazon EC2 console without providing access to any other AWS services. The contractor’s IAM account must not be able to gain access to any other AWS service, even if the IAM account is assigned additional permissions based on IAM group membership.
What should the security engineer do to meet these requirements?

A. Create an inline IAM user policy that allows for Amazon EC2 access for the contractor’s IAM user.
B. Create an IAM permissions boundary policy that allows Amazon EC2 access. Associate the contractor’s IAM account with the IAM permissions boundary policy.
C. Create an IAM group with an attached policy that allows for Amazon EC2 access. Associate the contractor’s IAM account with the IAM group.
D. Create a IAM role that allows for EC2 and explicitly denies all other services. Instruct the contractor to always assume this role.

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 41
Topic #: 1
A company manages multiple AWS accounts using AWS Organizations. The company’s security team notices that some member accounts are not sending AWS CloudTrail logs to a centralized Amazon S3 logging bucket. The security team wants to ensure there is at least one trail configured for all existing accounts and for any account that is created in the future.
Which set of actions should the security team implement to accomplish this?

A. Create a new trail and configure it to send CloudTrail logs to Amazon S3. Use Amazon EventBridge to send notification if a trail is deleted or stopped.
B. Deploy an AWS Lambda function in every account to check if there is an existing trail and create a new trail, if needed.
C. Edit the existing trail in the Organizations management account and apply it to the organization.
D. Create an SCP to deny the cloudtrail:Delete* and cloudtrail:Stop* actions. Apply the SCP to all accounts.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 42
Topic #: 1
A company recently had a security audit in which the auditors identified multiple potential threats. These potential threats can cause usage pattern changes such as DNS access peak, abnormal instance traffic, abnormal network interface traffic, and unusual Amazon S3 API calls. The threats can come from different sources and can occur at any time. The company needs to implement a solution to continuously monitor its system and identify all these incoming threats in near-real time.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Enable AWS CloudTrail logs, VPC flow logs, and DNS logs. Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs to manage these logs from a centralized account.
B. Enable AWS CloudTrail logs, VPC flow logs, and DNS logs. Use Amazon Macie to monitor these logs from a centralized account.
C. Enable Amazon GuardDuty from a centralized account. Use GuardDuty to manage AWS CloudTrail logs, VPC flow logs, and DNS logs.
D. Enable Amazon Inspector from a centralized account. Use Amazon Inspector to manage AWS CloudTrail logs, VPC flow logs, and DNS logs.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 43
Topic #: 1
A company that uses AWS Organizations is using AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to administer access to AWS accounts. A security engineer is creating a custom permission set in IAM Identity Center. The company will use the permission set across multiple accounts. An AWS managed policy and a customer managed policy are attached to the permission set. The security engineer has full administrative permissions and is operating in the management account.
When the security engineer attempts to assign the permission set to an IAM Identity Center user who has access to multiple accounts, the assignment fails.
What should the security engineer do to resolve this failure?

A. Create the customer managed policy in every account where the permission set is assigned. Give the customer managed policy the same name and same permissions in each account.
B. Remove either the AWS managed policy or the customer managed policy from the permission set. Create a second permission set that includes the removed policy. Apply the permission sets separately to the user.
C. Evaluate the logic of the AWS managed policy and the customer managed policy. Resolve any policy conflicts in the permission set before deployment.
D. Do not add the new permission set to the user. Instead, edit the user’s existing permission set to include the AWS managed policy and the customer managed policy.

Selected Answer: A

Question #: 44
Topic #: 1
A company has thousands of AWS Lambda functions. While reviewing the Lambda functions, a security engineer discovers that sensitive information is being stored in environment variables and is viewable as plaintext in the Lambda console. The values of the sensitive information are only a few characters long.
What is the MOST cost-effective way to address this security issue?

A. Set up IAM policies from the Lambda console to hide access to the environment variables.
B. Use AWS Step Functions to store the environment variables. Access the environment variables at runtime. Use IAM permissions to restrict access to the environment variables to only the Lambda functions that require access.
C. Store the environment variables in AWS Secrets Manager, and access them at runtime. Use IAM permissions to restrict access to the secrets to only the Lambda functions that require access.
D. Store the environment variables in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store as secure string parameters, and access them at runtime. Use IAM permissions to restrict access to the parameters to only the Lambda functions that require access.

Selected Answer: D

Question #: 45
Topic #: 1
A security engineer is using AWS Organizations and wants to optimize SCPs. The security engineer needs to ensure that the SCPs conform to best practices.
Which approach should the security engineer take to meet this requirement?

A. Use AWS IAM Access Analyzer to analyze the polices. View the findings from policy validation checks.
B. Review AWS Trusted Advisor checks for all accounts in the organization.
C. Set up AWS Audit Manager. Run an assessment for all AWS Regions for all accounts.
D. Ensure that Amazon Inspector agents are installed on all Amazon EC2 instances in all accounts.

Selected Answer: A

Question #: 46
Topic #: 1
A company uses Amazon RDS for MySQL as a database engine for its applications. A recent security audit revealed an RDS instance that is not compliant with company policy for encrypting data at rest. A security engineer at the company needs to ensure that all existing RDS databases are encrypted using server-side encryption and that any future deviations from the policy are detected.
Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to accomplish this? (Choose two.)

A. Create an AWS Config rule to detect the creation of unencrypted RDS databases. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to trigger on the AWS Config rules compliance state change and use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the security operations team.
B. Use AWS System Manager State Manager to detect RDS database encryption configuration drift. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to track state changes and use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the security operations team.
C. Create a read replica for the existing unencrypted RDS database and enable replica encryption in the process. Once the replica becomes active, promote it into a standalone database instance and terminate the unencrypted database instance.
D. Take a snapshot of the unencrypted RDS database. Copy the snapshot and enable snapshot encryption in the process. Restore the database instance from the newly created encrypted snapshot. Terminate the unencrypted database instance.
E. Enable encryption for the identified unencrypted RDS instance by changing the configurations of the existing database.

Selected Answer: AD

Question #: 47
Topic #: 1
A company has recently recovered from a security incident that required the restoration of Amazon EC2 instances from snapshots. The company uses an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key to encrypt all Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) snapshots.
The company performs a gap analysis of its disaster recovery procedures and backup strategies. A security engineer needs to implement a solution so that the company can recover the EC2 instances if the AWS account is compromised and the EBS snapshots are deleted.
Which solution will meet this requirement?

A. Create a new Amazon S3 bucket. Use EBS lifecycle policies to move EBS snapshots to the new S3 bucket. Use lifecycle policies to move snapshots to the S3 Glacier Instant Retrieval storage class. Use S3 Object Lock to prevent deletion of the snapshots.
B. Use AWS Systems Manager to distribute a configuration that backs up all attached disks to Amazon S3.
C. Create a new AWS account that has limited privileges. Allow the new account to access the KMS key that encrypts the EBS snapshots. Copy the encrypted snapshots to the new account on a recurring basis.
D. Use AWS Backup to copy EBS snapshots to Amazon S3. Use S3 Object Lock to prevent deletion of the snapshots.

Selected Answer: A

Question #: 48
Topic #: 1
A company’s security engineer is designing an isolation procedure for Amazon EC2 instances as part of an incident response plan. The security engineer needs to isolate a target instance to block any traffic to and from the target instance, except for traffic from the company’s forensics team. Each of the company’s EC2 instances has its own dedicated security group. The EC2 instances are deployed in subnets of a VPC. A subnet can contain multiple instances.
The security engineer is testing the procedure for EC2 isolation and opens an SSH session to the target instance. The procedure starts to simulate access to the target instance by an attacker. The security engineer removes the existing security group rules and adds security group rules to give the forensics team access to the target instance on port 22.
After these changes, the security engineer notices that the SSH connection is still active and usable. When the security engineer runs a ping command to the public IP address of the target instance, the ping command is blocked.
What should the security engineer do to isolate the target instance?

A. Add an inbound rule to the security group to allow traffic from 0.0.0.0/0 for all ports. Add an outbound rule to the security group to allow traffic to 0.0.0.0/0 for all ports. Then immediately delete these rules.
B. Remove the port 22 security group rule. Attach an instance role policy that allows AWS Systems Manager Session Manager connections so that the forensics team can access the target instance.
C. Create a network ACL that is associated with the target instance’s subnet. Add a rule at the top of the inbound rule set to deny all traffic from 0.0.0.0/0. Add a rule at the top of the outbound rule set to deny all traffic to 0.0.0.0/0.
D. Create an AWS Systems Manager document that adds a host-level firewall rule to block all inbound traffic and outbound traffic. Run the document on the target instance.

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 49
Topic #: 1
A startup company is using a single AWS account that has resources in a single AWS Region. A security engineer configures an AWS CloudTrail trail in the same Region to deliver log files to an Amazon S3 bucket by using the AWS CLI.
Because of expansion, the company adds resources in multiple Regions. The security engineer notices that the logs from the new Regions are not reaching the S3 bucket.
What should the security engineer do to fix this issue with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?

A. Create a new CloudTrail trail. Select the new Regions where the company added resources.
B. Change the S3 bucket to receive notifications to track all actions from all Regions.
C. Create a new CloudTrail trail that applies to all Regions.
D. Change the existing CloudTrail trail so that it applies to all Regions.

Selected Answer: D

Question #: 50
Topic #: 1
A company’s public Application Load Balancer (ALB) recently experienced a DDoS attack. To mitigate this issue, the company deployed Amazon CloudFront in front of the ALB so that users would not directly access the Amazon EC2 instances behind the ALB.
The company discovers that some traffic is still coming directly into the ALB and is still being handled by the EC2 instances.
Which combination of steps should the company take to ensure that the EC2 instances will receive traffic only from CloudFront? (Choose two.)

A. Configure CloudFront to add a cache key policy to allow a custom HTTP header that CloudFront sends to the ALB.
B. Configure CloudFront to add a custom HTTP header to requests that CloudFront sends to the ALB.
C. Configure the ALB to forward only requests that contain the custom HTTP header.
D. Configure the ALB and CloudFront to use the X-Forwarded-For header to check client IP addresses.
E. Configure the ALB and CloudFront to use the same X.509 certificate that is generated by AWS Certificate Manager (ACM).

Selected Answer: BC

Question #: 51
Topic #: 1
A company discovers a billing anomaly in its AWS account. A security consultant investigates the anomaly and discovers that an employee who left the company 30 days ago still has access to the account. The company has not monitored account activity in the past.
The security consultant needs to determine which resources have been deployed or reconfigured by the employee as quickly as possible.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. In AWS Cost Explorer, filter chart data to display results from the past 30 days. Export the results to a data table. Group the data table by resource.
B. Use AWS Cost Anomaly Detection to create a cost monitor. Access the detection history. Set the time frame to Last 30 days. In the search area, choose the service category.
C. In AWS CloudTrail, filter the event history to display results from the past 30 days. Create an Amazon Athena table that contains the data. Partition the table by event source.
D. Use AWS Audit Manager to create an assessment for the past 30 days. Apply a usage-based framework to the assessment. Configure the assessment to assess by resource.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 52
Topic #: 1
A security engineer is checking an AWS CloudFormation template for vulnerabilities. The security engineer finds a parameter that has a default value that exposes an application’s API key in plaintext. The parameter is referenced several times throughout the template. The security engineer must replace the parameter while maintaining the ability to reference the value in the template.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST secure way?

A. Store the API key value as a SecureString parameter in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. In the template, replace all references to the value with {{resolve:ssm:MySSMParameterName:1}}.
B. Store the API key value in AWS Secrets Manager. In the template, replace all references to the value with {{resolve:secretsmanager:MySecretId:SecretString}}.
C. Store the API key value in Amazon DynamoDB. In the template, replace all references to the value with {{resolve:dynamodb:MyTableName:MyPrimaryKey}}.
D. Store the API key value in a new Amazon S3 bucket. In the template, replace all references to the value with {{resolve:s3:MyBucketName:MyObjectName}}.

Selected Answer: B

Question #: 53
Topic #: 1
A company’s AWS CloudTrail logs are all centrally stored in an Amazon S3 bucket. The security team controls the company’s AWS account. The security team must prevent unauthorized access and tampering of the CloudTrail logs.
Which combination of steps should the security team take? (Choose three.)

A. Configure server-side encryption with AWS KMS managed encryption keys (SSE-KMS).
B. Compress log files with secure gzip.
C. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to notify the security team of any modifications on CloudTrail log files.
D. Implement least privilege access to the S3 bucket by configuring a bucket policy.
E. Configure CloudTrail log file integrity validation.
F. Configure Access Analyzer for S3.

Selected Answer: ADE

Question #: 54
Topic #: 1
A company has several petabytes of data. The company must preserve this data for 7 years to comply with regulatory requirements. The company’s compliance team asks a security officer to develop a strategy that will prevent anyone from changing or deleting the data.
Which solution will meet this requirement MOST cost-effectively?

A. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the bucket to use S3 Object Lock in compliance mode. Upload the data to the bucket. Create a resource-based bucket policy that meets all the regulatory requirements.
B. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the bucket to use S3 Object Lock in governance mode. Upload the data to the bucket. Create a user-based IAM policy that meets all the regulatory requirements.
C. Create a vault in Amazon S3 Glacier. Create a Vault Lock policy in S3 Glacier that meets all the regulatory requirements. Upload the data to the vault.
D. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Upload the data to the bucket. Use a lifecycle rule to transition the data to a vault in S3 Glacier. Create a Vault Lock policy that meets all the regulatory requirements.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 55
Topic #: 1
A-company uses a third-party identity provider and SAML-based SSO for its AWS accounts. After the third-party identity provider renewed an expired signing certificate, users saw the following message when trying to log in:
Error: Response Signature Invalid (Service: AWSSecurityTokenService; Status Code: 400; Error Code: InvalidIdentityToken)
A security engineer needs to provide a solution that corrects the error and minimizes operational overhead.
Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Upload the third-party signing certificate’s new private key to the AWS identity provider entity defined in AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) by using the AWS Management Console.
B. Sign the identity provider’s metadata file with the new public key. Upload the signature to the AWS identity provider entity defined in AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) by using the AWS CLI.
C. Download the updated SAML metadata file from the identity service provider. Update the file in the AWS identity provider entity defined in AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) by using the AWS CLI.
D. Configure the AWS identity provider entity defined in AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) to synchronously fetch the new public key by using the AWS Management Console.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 56
Topic #: 1
A company has several workloads running on AWS. Employees are required to authenticate using on-premises ADFS and SSO to access the AWS Management Console. Developers migrated an existing legacy web application to an Amazon EC2 instance. Employees need to access this application from anywhere on the internet, but currently, there is no authentication system built into the application.
How should the security engineer implement employee-only access to this system without changing the application?

A. Place the application behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Use Amazon Cognito as authentication for the ALB. Define a SAML-based Amazon Cognito user pool and connect it to ADFS.
B. Implement AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) in the management account and link it to ADFS as an identity provider. Define the EC2 instance as a managed resource, then apply an IAM policy on the resource.
C. Define an Amazon Cognito identity pool, then install the connector on the Active Directory server. Use the Amazon Cognito SDK on the application instance to authenticate the employees using their Active Directory user names and passwords.
D. Create an AWS Lambda custom authorizer as the authenticator for a reverse proxy on Amazon EC2. Ensure the security group on Amazon EC2 only allows access from the Lambda function.

Selected Answer: A

Question #: 57
Topic #: 1
A company is using AWS to run a long-running analysis process on data that is stored in Amazon S3 buckets. The process runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The EC2 instances are deployed in a private subnet of a VPC that does not have internet access. The EC2 instances and the S3 buckets are in the same AWS account.
The EC2 instances access the S3 buckets through an S3 gateway endpoint that has the default access policy. Each EC2 instance is associated with an instance profile role that has a policy that explicitly allows the s3:GetObject action and the s3:PutObject action for only the required S3 buckets.
The company learns that one or more of the EC2 instances are compromised and are exfiltrating data to an S3 bucket that is outside the company’s organization in AWS Organizations. A security engineer must implement a solution to stop this exfiltration of data and to keep the EC2 processing job functional.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Update the policy on the S3 gateway endpoint to allow the S3 actions only if the values of the aws:ResourceOrgID and aws:PrincipalOrgID condition keys match the company’s values.
B. Update the policy on the instance profile role to allow the S3 actions only if the value of the aws:ResourceOrgID condition key matches the company’s value.
C. Add a network ACL rule to the subnet of the EC2 instances to block outgoing connections on port 443.
D. Apply an SCP on the AWS account to allow the S3 actions only if the values of the aws:ResourceOrgID and aws:PrincipalOrgID condition keys match the company’s values.

Selected Answer: D

Question #: 58
Topic #: 1
A company that operates in a hybrid cloud environment must meet strict compliance requirements. The company wants to create a report that includes evidence from on-premises workloads alongside evidence from AWS resources. A security engineer must implement a solution to collect, review, and manage the evidence to demonstrate compliance with company policy.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create an assessment in AWS Audit Manager from a prebuilt framework or a custom framework. Upload manual evidence from the on-premises workloads. Add the evidence to the assessment. Generate an assessment report after Audit Manager collects the necessary evidence from the AWS resources.
B. Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on the on-premises workloads. Use AWS Config to deploy a conformance pack from a sample conformance pack template or a custom YAML template. Generate an assessment report after AWS Config identifies noncompliant workloads and resources.
C. Set up the appropriate security standard in AWS Security Hub. Upload manual evidence from the on-premises workloads. Wait for Security Hub to collect the evidence from the AWS resources. Download the list of controls as a .csv file.
D. Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on the on-premises workloads. Create a CloudWatch dashboard to monitor the on-premises workloads and the AWS resources. Run a query on the workloads and resources. Download the results.

Selected Answer: A

Question #: 59
Topic #: 1
To meet regulatory requirements, a security engineer needs to implement an IAM policy that restricts the use of AWS services to the us-east-1 Region.
What policy should the engineer implement?

A.
B.
C.
D.

Selected Answer: C

Question #: 60
Topic #: 1
A company has a web server in the AWS Cloud. The company will store the content for the web server in an Amazon S3 bucket. A security engineer must use an Amazon CloudFront distribution to speed up delivery of the content. None of the files can be publicly accessible from the S3 bucket directly.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Configure the permissions on the individual files in the S3 bucket so that only the CloudFront distribution has access to them.
B. Create an origin access control (OAC). Associate the OAC with the CloudFront distribution. Configure the S3 bucket permissions so that only the OAC can access the files in the S3 bucket.
C. Create an S3 role in AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). Allow only the CloudFront distribution to assume the role to access the files in the S3 bucket.
D. Create an S3 bucket policy that uses only the CloudFront distribution ID as the principal and the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) as the target.

Selected Answer: B