AWS Certified Advanced Networking Specialty Part 4
Q61. A company is migrating its containerized application to AWS. For the architecture the company will have an ingress VPC with a Network Load Balancer (NLB) to distribute the traffic to front-end pods in an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. The front end of the application will determine which user is requesting access and will send traffic to 1 of 10 services VPCs. Each services VPC will include an NLB that distributes traffic to the services pods in an EKS cluster. The company is concerned about overall cost. User traffic will be responsible for more than 10 TB of data transfer from the ingress VPC to services VPCs every month. A network engineer needs to recommend how to design the communication between the VPCs.
Which solution will meet these requirements at the LOWEST cost?
A. Create a transit gateway. Peer each VPC to the transit gateway. Use zonal DNS names for the NLB in the services VPCs to minimize cross-AZ traffic from the ingress VPC to the services VPCs.
B. Create an AWS PrivateLink endpoint in every Availability Zone in the ingress VPC. Each PrivateLink endpoint will point to the zonal DNS entry of the NLB in the services VPCs.
C. Create a VPC peering connection between the ingress VPC and each of the 10 services VPCs. Use zonal DNS names for the NLB in the services VPCs to minimize cross-AZ traffic from the ingress VPC to the services VPCs.
D. Create a transit gateway. Peer each VPC to the transit gateway. Turn off cross-AZ load balancing on the transit gateway. Use Regional DNS names for the NLB in the services VPCs.
Hint Answer:C
Q62. A company’s network engineer is designing an active-passive connection to AWS from two on-premises data centers. The company has set up AWS Direct Connect connections between the on-premises data centers and AWS. From each location, the company is using a transit VIF that connects to a Direct Connect gateway that is associated with a transit gateway.
The network engineer must ensure that traffic from AWS to the data centers is routed first to the primary data center. The traffic should be routed to the failover data center only in the case of an outage. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Set the BGP community tag for all prefixes from the primary data center to 7224:7100. Set the BGP community tag for all prefixes from the failover data center to 7224:7300
B. Set the BGP community tag for all prefixes from the primary data center to 7224:7300. Set the BGP community tag for all prefixes from the failover data center to 7224:7100
C. Set the BGP community tag for all prefixes from the primary data center to 7224:9300. Set the BGP community tag for all prefixes from the failover data center to 7224:9100
D. Set the BGP community tag for all prefixes from the primary data center to 7224:9100. Set the BGP community tag for all prefixes from the failover data center to 7224:9300
Hint Answer:B
Q63. A company is creating new features for its ecommerce website. These features will use several microservices that are accessed through different paths. The microservices will run on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). The company requires the use of HTTPS for all of its public websites. The application requires the customer’s source IP addresses.
A network engineer must implement a load balancing strategy that meets these requirements.
Which combination of actions should the network engineer take to accomplish this goal? (Choose two.)
A. Use a Network Load Balancer
B. Retrieve client IP addresses by using the X-Forwarded-For header
C. Use AWS App Mesh load balancing
D. Retrieve client IP addresses by using the X-IP-Source header
E. Use an Application Load Balancer.
Hint Answer:BE
Q64. A company is building its website on AWS in a single VPC. The VPC has public subnets and private subnets in two Availability Zones. The website has static content such as images. The company is using Amazon S3 to store the content. The company has deployed a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances as web servers in a private subnet. The EC2 instances are in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer. The EC2 instances will serve traffic, and they must pull content from an S3 bucket to render the webpages. The company is using AWS Direct Connect with a public VIF for on-premises connectivity to the S3 bucket. A network engineer notices that traffic between the EC2 instances and Amazon S3 is routing through a NAT gateway. As traffic increases, the company’s costs are increasing. The network engineer needs to change the connectivity to reduce the NAT gateway costs that result from the traffic between the EC2 instances and Amazon S3. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create a Direct Connect private VIF. Migrate the traffic from the public VIF to the private VIF.
B. Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN tunnel over the existing public VIF.
C. Implement interface VPC endpoints for Amazon S3. Update the VPC route table.
D. Implement gateway VPC endpoints for Amazon S3. Update the VPC route table.
Hint Answer:D
Q65. A company’s network engineer needs to design a new solution to help troubleshoot and detect network anomalies. The network engineer has configured Traffic Mirroring. However, the mirrored traffic is overwhelming the Amazon EC2 instance that is the traffic mirror target. The EC2 instance hosts tools that the company’s security team uses to analyze the traffic. The network engineer needs to design a highly available solution that can scale to meet the demand of the mirrored traffic. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Deploy a Network Load Balancer (NLB) as the traffic mirror target. Behind the NLB. deploy a fleet of EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Use Traffic Mirroring as necessary.
B. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) as the traffic mirror target. Behind the ALB, deploy a fleet of EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Use Traffic Mirroring only during non-business hours.
C. Deploy a Gateway Load Balancer (GLB) as the traffic mirror target. Behind the GLB. deploy a fleet of EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Use Traffic Mirroring as necessary.
D. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) with an HTTPS listener as the traffic mirror target. Behind the ALB. deploy a fleet of EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Use Traffic Mirroring only during active events or business hours.
Hint Answer:C
Q66. A company has its production VPC (VPC-A) in the eu-west-1 Region in Account 1. VPC-A is attached to a transit gateway (TGW-A) that is connected to an on-premises data center in Dublin, Ireland, by an AWS Direct Connect transit VIF that is configured for an AWS Direct Connect gateway. The company also has a staging VPC (VPC-B) that is attached to another transit gateway (TGW-B) in the eu-west-2 Region in Account 2. A network engineer must implement connectivity between VPC-B and the on-premises data center in Dublin. Which solutions will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Configure inter-Region VPC peering between VPC-A and VPC-B. Add the required VPC peering routes. Add the VPC-B CIDR block in the allowed prefixes on the Direct Connect gateway association.
B. Associate TGW-B with the Direct Connect gateway. Advertise the VPC-B CIDR block under the allowed prefixes.
C. Configure another transit VIF on the Direct Connect connection and associate TGW-B. Advertise the VPC-B CIDR block under the allowed prefixes.
D. Configure inter-Region transit gateway peering between TGW-A and TGW-B. Add the peering routes in the transit gateway route tables. Add both the VPC-A and the VPC-B CIDR block under the allowed prefix list in the Direct Connect gateway association.
E. Configure an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection over the transit VIF to TGW-B as a VPN attachment.
Hint Answer:BD
Q67.An Australian ecommerce company hosts all of its services in the AWS Cloud and wants to expand its customer base to the United States (US). The company is targeting the western US for the expansion. The company’s existing AWS architecture consists of four AWS accounts with multiple VPCs deployed in the ap-southeast-2 Region. All VPCs are attached to a transit gateway in ap-southeast-2. There are dedicated VPCs for each application service. The company also has VPCs for centralized security features such as proxies, firewalls, and logging.
The company plans to duplicate the infrastructure from ap-southeast-2 to the us-west-1 Region. A network engineer must establish connectivity between the various applications in the two Regions. The solution must maximize bandwidth, minimize latency and minimize operational overhead. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Create VPN attachments between the two transit gateways. Configure the VPN attachments to use BGP routing between the two transit gateways.
B. Peer the transit gateways in each Region. Configure routing between the two transit gateways for each Region’s IP addresses.
C. Create a VPN server in a VPC in each Region. Update the routing to point to the VPN servers for the IP addresses in alternate Regions.
D. Attach the VPCs in us-west-1 to the transit gateway in ap-southeast-2.
Hint Answer:B
Q68. A company has created three VPCs: a production VPC, a nonproduction VPC, and a shared services VPC. The production VPC and the nonproduction VPC must each have communication with the shared services VPC. There must be no communication between the production VPC and the nonproduction VPC. A transit gateway is deployed to facilitate communication between VPCs. Which route table configurations on the transit gateway will meet these requirements?
A. Configure a route table with the production and nonproduction VPC attachments associated with propagated routes for only the shared services VPC. Create an additional route table with only the shared services VPC attachment associated with propagated routes from the production and nonproduction VPCs.
B. Configure a route table with the production and nonproduction VPC attachments associated with propagated routes for each VPC. Create an additional route table with only the shared services VPC attachment associated with propagated routes from each VPC.
C. Configure a route table with all the VPC attachments associated with propagated routes for only the shared services VPCreate an additional route table with only the shared services VPC attachment associated with propagated routes from the production and nonproduction VPCs.
D. Configure a route table with the production and nonproduction VPC attachments associated with propagated routes disabled. Create an additional route table with only the shared services VPC attachment associated with propagated routes from the production and nonproduction VPCs.
Hint Answer:A
Q69. A company’s network engineer is designing a hybrid DNS solution for an AWS Cloud workload. Individual teams want to manage their own DNS hostnames for their applications in their development environment. The solution must integrate the application-specific hostnames with the centrally managed DNS hostnames from the on-premises network and must provide bidirectional name resolution. The solution also must minimize management overhead.
Which combination of steps should the network engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
A. Use an Amazon Route 53 Resolver inbound endpoint.
B. Modify the DHCP options set by setting a custom DNS server value.
C. Use an Amazon Route 53 Resolver outbound endpoint.
D. Create DNS proxy servers.
E. Create Amazon Route 53 private hosted zones.
F. Set up a zone transfer between Amazon Route 53 and the on-premises DNS.
Hint Answer: ACE
Q70. A company is running multiple workloads on Amazon EC2 instances in public subnets. In a recent incident, an attacker exploited an application vulnerability on one of the EC2 instances to gain access to the instance. The company fixed the application and launched a replacement EC2 instance that contains the updated application. The attacker used the compromised application to spread malware over the internet. The company became aware of the compromise through a notification from AWS. The company needs the ability to identify when an application that is deployed on an EC2 instance is spreading malware. Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational effort?
A. Use Amazon GuardDuty to analyze traffic patterns by inspecting DNS requests and VPC flow logs.
B. Use Amazon GuardDuty to deploy AWS managed decoy systems that are equipped with the most recent malware signatures.
C. Set up a Gateway Load Balancer. Run an intrusion detection system (IDS) appliance from AWS Marketplace on Amazon EC2 for traffic inspection.
D. Configure Amazon Inspector to perform deep packet inspection of outgoing traffic.
Hint Answer:A
Q71. A company has hundreds of Amazon EC2 instances that are running in two production VPCs across all Availability Zones in the us-east-1 Region. The production VPCs are named
VPC A and VPC B. A new security regulation requires all traffic between production VPCs to be inspected before the traffic is routed to its final destination. The company deploys a new shared VPC that contains a stateful firewall appliance and a transit gateway with a VPC attachment across all VPCs to route traffic between VPC A and VPC B through the firewall appliance for inspection. During testing, the company notices that the transit gateway is dropping the traffic whenever the traffic is between two Availability Zones. What should a network engineer do to fix this issue with the LEAST management overhead?
A. In the shared VPC, replace the VPC attachment with a VPN attachment. Create a VPN tunnel between the transit gateway and the firewall appliance. Configure BGP.
B. Enable transit gateway appliance mode on the VPC attachment in VPC A and VPC B.
C. Enable transit gateway appliance mode on the VPC attachment in the shared VPC.
D. In the shared VPC, configure one VPC peering connection to VPC A and another VPC peering connection to VPC B.
Hint Answer:C
Q72. A company has deployed a software-defined WAN (SD-WAN) solution to interconnect all of its offices. The company is migrating workloads to AWS and needs to extend its SD-WAN solution to support connectivity to these workloads. A network engineer plans to deploy AWS Transit Gateway Connect and two SD-WAN virtual appliances to provide this connectivity. According to company policies, only a single SD-WAN virtual appliance can handle traffic from AWS workloads at a given time. How should the network engineer configure routing to meet these requirements?
A. Add a static default route in the transit gateway route table to point to the secondary SD-WAN virtual appliance. Add routes that are more specific to point to the primary SD-WAN virtual appliance.
B. Configure the BGP community tag 7224:7300 on the primary SD-WAN virtual appliance for BGP routes toward the transit gateway.
C. Configure the AS_PATH prepend attribute on the secondary SD-WAN virtual appliance for BGP routes toward the transit gateway.
D. Disable equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing on the transit gateway for Transit Gateway Connect.
Hint Answer: C
Q73. An international company provides early warning about tsunamis. The company plans to use IoT devices to monitor sea waves around the world. The data that is collected by the IoT devices must reach the company’s infrastructure on AWS as quickly as possible. The company is using three operation centers around the world. Each operation center is connected to AWS through Its own AWS Direct Connect connection. Each operation center is connected to the internet through at least two upstream internet service providers.
The company has its own provider-independent (PI) address space. The IoT devices use TCP protocols for reliable transmission of the data they collect. The IoT devices have both landline and mobile internet connectivity. The infrastructure and the solution will be deployed in multiple AWS Regions. The company will use Amazon Route 53 for DNS services.
A network engineer needs to design connectivity between the IoT devices and the services that run in the AWS Cloud. Which solution will meet these requirements with the HIGHEST availability?
A. Set up an Amazon CloudFront distribution with origin failover. Create an origin group for each Region where the solution is deployed.
B. Set up Route 53 latency-based routing. Add latency alias records. For the latency alias records, set the value of Evaluate Target Health to Yes.
C. Set up an accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator. Configure Regional endpoint groups and health checks.
D. Set up Bring Your Own IP (BYOIP) addresses. Use the same PI addresses for each Region where the solution is deployed.
Hint Answer:C
Q74. A network engineer needs to update a company’s hybrid network to support IPv6 for the upcoming release of a new application. The application is hosted in a VPC in the AWS Cloud. The company’s current AWS infrastructure includes VPCs that are connected by a transit gateway. The transit gateway is connected to the on-premises network by AWS Direct Connect and AWS Site-to-Site VPN. The company’s on-premises devices have been updated to support the new IPv6 requirements. The company has enabled IPv6 for the existing VPC by assigning a new IPv6 CIDR block to the VPC and by assigning IPv6 to the subnets for dual-stack support. The company has launched new Amazon EC2 instances for the new application in the updated subnets. When updating the hybrid network to support IPv6 the network engineer must avoid making any changes to the current infrastructure. The network engineer also must block direct access to the instances’ new IPv6 addresses from the internet. However, the network engineer must allow outbound internet access from the instances. What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?
A. Update the Direct Connect transit VIF and configure BGP peering with the AWS assigned IPv6 peering address. Create a new VPN connection that supports IPv6 connectivity. Add an egress-only internet gateway. Update any affected VPC security groups and route tables to provide connectivity within the VPC and between the VPC and the on-premises devices
B. Update the Direct Connect transit VIF and configure BGP peering with the AWS assigned IPv6 peering address. Update the existing VPN connection to support IPv6 connectivity. Add an egress-only internet gateway. Update any affected VPC security groups and route tables to provide connectivity within the VPC and between the VPC and the on-premises devices.
C. Create a Direct Connect transit VIF and configure BGP peering with the AWS assigned IPv6 peering address. Create a new VPN connection that supports IPv6 connectivity. Add an egress-only internet gateway. Update any affected VPC security groups and route tables to provide connectivity within the VPC and between the VPC and the on-premises devices.
D. Create a Direct Connect transit VIF and configure BGP peering with the AWS assigned IPv6 peering address. Create a new VPN connection that supports IPv6 connectivity. Add a NAT gateway. Update any affected VPC security groups and route tables to provide connectivity within the VPC and between the VPC and the on-premises devices.
Hint Answer:C
Q75. A network engineer is designing a hybrid architecture that uses a 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection between the company’s data center and two AWS Regions: us-east-1 and eu-west-1. The VPCs in us-east-1 are connected by a transit gateway and need to access several on-premises databases. According to company policy, only one VPC in eu-west-1 can be connected to one on-premises server. The on-premises network segments the traffic between the databases and the server. How should the network engineer set up the Direct Connect connection to meet these requirements?
A. Create one hosted connection. Use a transit VIF to connect to the transit gateway in us-east-1. Use a private VIF to connect to the VPC in eu-west-1. Use one Direct. Connect gateway for both VIFs to route from the Direct Connect locations to the corresponding AWS Region along the path that has the lowest latency.
B. Create one hosted connection. Use a transit VIF to connect to the transit gateway in us-east-1. Use a private VIF to connect to the VPC in eu-west-1. Use two Direct Connect gateways, one for each VIF, to route from the Direct Connect locations to the corresponding AWS Region along the path that has the lowest latency.
C. Create one dedicated connection. Use a transit VIF to connect to the transit gateway in us-east-1. Use a private VIF to connect to the VPC in eu-west-1. Use one Direct Connect gateway for both VIFs to route from the Direct Connect locations to the corresponding AWS Region along the path that has the lowest latency.
D. Create one dedicated connection. Use a transit VIF to connect to the transit gateway in us-east-1. Use a private VIF to connect to the VPC in eu-west-1. Use two Direct Connect gateways, one for each VIF, to route from the Direct Connect locations to the corresponding AWS Region along the path that has the lowest latency.
Hint Answer:D
Q76. A company is using Amazon Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall in a VPC to block all domains except domains that are on an approved list. The company is concerned that if DNS Firewall is unresponsive, resources in the VPC might be affected if the network cannot resolve any DNS queries. To maintain application service level agreements, the company needs DNS queries to continue to resolve even if Route 53 Resolver does not receive a response from DNS Firewall.
Which change should a network engineer implement to meet these requirements?
A. Update the DNS Firewall VPC configuration to disable fail open for the VPC.
B. Update the DNS Firewall VPC configuration to enable fail open for the VPC.
C. Create a new DHCP options set with parameter dns_firewall_fail_open=false. Associate the new DHCP options set with the VPC.
D. Create a new DHCP options set with parameter dns_firewall_fail_open=true. Associate the new DHCP options set with the VPC.
Hint Answer:B
Q77. A company is using an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection from the company’s on-premises data center to a virtual private gateway in the AWS Cloud Because of congestion, the company is experiencing availability and performance issues as traffic travels across the internet before the traffic reaches AWS. A network engineer must reduce these issues for the connection as quickly as possible with minimum administration effort. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Edit the existing Site-to-Site VPN connection by enabling acceleration. Stop and start the VPN service on the customer gateway for the new setting to take effect.
B. Configure a transit gateway in the same AWS Region as the existing virtual private gateway. Create a new accelerated Site-to-Site VPN connection. Connect the new connection to the transit gateway by using a VPN attachment. Update the customer gateway device to use the new Site to Site VPN connection. Delete the existing Site-to-Site VPN connection
C. Create a new accelerated Site-to-Site VPN connection. Connect the new Site-to-Site VPN connection to the existing virtual private gateway. Update the customer gateway device to use the new Site-to-Site VPN connection. Delete the existing Site-to-Site VPN connection.
D. Create a new AWS Direct Connect connection with a private VIF between the on-premises data center and the AWS Cloud. Update the customer gateway device to use the new Direct Connect connection. Delete the existing Site-to-Site VPN connection.
Hint Answer:B
Q78. A company hosts a web application on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is the origin in an Amazon CloudFront distribution. The company wants to implement a custom authentication system that will provide a token for its authenticated customers. The web application must ensure that the GET/POST requests come from authenticated customers before it delivers the content. A network engineer must design a solution that gives the web application the ability to identify authorized customers. What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?
A. Use the ALB to inspect the authorized token inside the GET/POST request payload. Use an AWS Lambda function to insert a customized header to inform the web application of an authenticated customer request.
B. Integrate AWS WAF with the ALB to inspect the authorized token inside the GET/POST request payload. Configure the ALB listener to insert a customized header to inform the web application of an authenticated customer request.
C. Use an AWS Lambda@Edge function to inspect the authorized token inside the GET/POST request payload. Use the Lambda@Edge function also to insert a customized header to inform the web application of an authenticated customer request.
D. Set up an EC2 instance that has a third-party packet inspection tool to inspect the authorized token inside the GET/POST request payload. Configure the tool to insert a customized header to inform the web application of an authenticated customer request.
Hint Answer: C
Q79. A company has deployed an application in a VPC that uses a NAT gateway for outbound traffic to the internet. A network engineer notices a large quantity of suspicious network traffic that is traveling from the VPC over the internet to IP addresses that are included on a deny list. The network engineer must implement a solution to determine which AWS resources are generating the suspicious traffic. The solution must minimize cost and administrative overhead. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Launch an Amazon EC2 instance in the VPC. Use Traffic Mirroring by specifying the NAT gateway as the source and the EC2 instance as the destination. Analyze the captured traffic by using open-source tools to identify the AWS resources that are generating the suspicious traffic.
B. Use VPC flow logs. Launch a security information and event management (SIEM) solution in the VPC. Configure the SIEM solution to ingest the VPC flow logs. Run queries on the SIEM solution to identify the AWS resources that are generating the suspicious traffic.
C. Use VPC flow logs. Publish the flow logs to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Use CloudWatch Logs Insights to query the flow logs to identify the AWS resources that are generating the suspicious traffic.
D. Configure the VPC to stream the network traffic directly to an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Send the data from the Kinesis data stream to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream to store the data in Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to query the data to identify the AWS resources that are generating the suspicious traffic.
Hint Answer:C
Q80. A company deploys a new web application on Amazon EC2 instances. The application runs in private subnets in three Availability Zones behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Security auditors require encryption of all connections. The company uses Amazon Route 53 for DNS and uses AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) to automate SSL/TLS certificate provisioning. SSL/TLS connections are terminated on the ALB. The company tests the application with a single EC2 instance and does not observe any problems. However, after production deployment, users report that they can log in but that they cannot use the application. Every new web request restarts the login process. What should a network engineer do to resolve this issue?
A. Modify the ALB listener configuration. Edit the rule that forwards traffic to the target group. Change the rule to enable group-level stickiness. Set the duration to the maximum application session length.
B. Replace the ALB with a Network Load Balancer. Create a TLS listener. Create a new target group with the protocol type set to TLS Register the EC2 instances. Modify the target group configuration by enabling the stickiness attribute.
C. Modify the ALB target group configuration by enabling the stickiness attribute. Use an application-based cookie. Set the duration to the maximum application session length.
D. Remove the ALB. Create an Amazon Route 53 rule with a failover routing policy for the application name. Configure ACM to issue certificates for each EC2 instance.
Hint Answer:C
