Notes: Hi all, AWS Certified Security Specialty Practice Exam (SCS-C01) Part 3 will familiarize you with types of questions you may encounter on the certification exam and help you determine your readiness or if you need more preparation and/or experience. Successful completion of the practice exam does not guarantee you will pass the certification exam as the actual exam is longer and covers a wider range of topics. We highly recommend you should take AWS Certified Security Specialty Actual Exam Version  because it include real questions and highlighted answers are collected in our exam. It will help you pass exam in easier way.

80. AWS CloudTrail is being used to monitor API calls in an organization. An audit revealed that CloudTrail is failing to deliver events to Amazon S3 as expected. What initial actions should be taken to allow delivery of CloudTrail events to S3? (Select two.)

A. Verify that the S3 bucket policy allow CloudTrail to write objects.
B. Verify that the IAM role used by CloudTrail has access to write to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
C. Remove any lifecycle policies on the S3 bucket that are archiving objects to Amazon Glacier.
D. Verify that the S3 bucket defined in CloudTrail exists.
E. Verify that the log file prefix defined in CloudTrail exists in the S3 bucket.

81. Due to new compliance requirements, a Security Engineer must enable encryption with customer provided keys on corporate data that is stored in DynamoDB. The company wants to retain full control of the encryption keys. Which DynamoDB feature should the Engineer use to achieve compliance?

A. Use AWS Certificate Manager to request a certificate. Use that certificate to encrypt data prior to uploading it to DynamoDB.
B. Enable S3 server-side encryption with the customer-provided keys. Upload the data to Amazon S3, and then use S3Copy to move all data to DynamoDB
C. Create a KMS master key. Generate per-record data keys and use them to encrypt data prior to uploading it to DynamoDS. Dispose of the cleartext and encrypted data keys after encryption without storing.
D. Use the DynamoDB Java encryption client to encrypt data prior to uploading it to DynamoDB.

82. A Security Engineer must design a system that can detect whether a file on an Amazon EC2 host has been modified. The system must then alert the Security Engineer of the modification. What is the MOST efficient way to meet these requirements?

A. Install antivirus software and ensure that signatures are up-to-date. Configure Amazon CloudWatch alarms to send alerts for security events.
B. Install host-based IDS software to check for file integrity. Export the logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs for monitoring and alerting.
C. Export system log files to Amazon S3. Parse the log files using an AWS Lambda function that will send alerts of any unauthorized system login attempts through Amazon SNS.
D. Use Amazon CloudWatch Logs to detect file system changes. If a change is detected, automatically terminate and recreate the instance from the most recent AMI. Use Amazon SNS to send notification of the event.

83. A company has multiple VPCs in their account that are peered, as shown in the diagram. A Security Engineer wants to perform penetration tests of the Amazon EC2 instances in all three VPCs. How can this be accomplished? (Choose two.)

A. Deploy a pre-authorized scanning engine from the AWS Marketplace into VPC B, and use it to scan instances in all three VPCs. Do not complete the penetration test request form.
B. Deploy a pre-authorized scanning engine from the Marketplace into each VPC, and scan instances in each VPC from the scanning engine in that VPC. Do not complete the penetration test request form.
C. Create a VPN connection from the data center to VPC A. Use an on-premises scanning engine to scan the instances in all three VPCs. Complete the penetration test request form for all three VPCs.
D. Create a VPN connection from the data center to each of the three VPCs. Use an on-premises scanning engine to scan the instances in each VPC. Do not complete the penetration test request form.
E. Create a VPN connection from the data center to each of the three VPCs. Use an on-premises scanning engine to scan the instances in each VPC. Complete the penetration test request form for all three VPCs.

84. The Security Engineer is managing a traditional three-tier web application that is running on Amazon EC2 instances. The application has become the target of increasing numbers of malicious attacks from the Internet. What steps should the Security Engineer take to check for known vulnerabilities and limit the attack surface? (Choose two.)

A. Use AWS Certificate Manager to encrypt all traffic between the client and application servers.
B. Review the application security groups to ensure that only the necessary ports are open.
C. Use Elastic Load Balancing to offload Secure Sockets Layer encryption.
D. Use Amazon Inspector to periodically scan the backend instances.
E. Use AWS Key Management Services to encrypt all the traffic between the client and application servers.

85. For compliance reasons, an organization limits the use of resources to three specific AWS regions. It wants to be alerted when any resources are launched in unapproved regions. Which of the following approaches will provide alerts on any resources launched in an unapproved region?

A. Develop an alerting mechanism based on processing AWS CloudTrail logs.
B. Monitor Amazon S3 Event Notifications for objects stored in buckets in unapproved regions.
C. Analyze Amazon CloudWatch Logs for activities in unapproved regions.
D. Use AWS Trusted Advisor to alert on all resources being created.

86. A company runs an application on AWS that needs to be accessed only by employees. Most employees work from the office, but others work remotely or travel. How can the Security Engineer protect this workload so that only employees can access it?

A. Add each employee’s home IP address to the security group for the application so that only those users can access the workload.
B. Create a virtual gateway for VPN connectivity for each employee, and restrict access to the workload from within the VPC.
C. Use a VPN appliance from the AWS Marketplace for users to connect to, and restrict workload access to traffic from that appliance.
D. Route all traffic to the workload through AWS WAF. Add each employee’s home IP address into an AWS WAF rule, and block all other traffic.

87. A Systems Engineer is troubleshooting the connectivity of a test environment that includes a virtual security appliance deployed inline. In addition to using the virtual security appliance, the Development team wants to use security groups and network ACLs to accomplish various security requirements in the environment. What configuration is necessary to allow the virtual security appliance to route the traffic?

A. Disable network ACLs.
B. Configure the security appliance’s elastic network interface for promiscuous mode.
C. Disable the Network Source/Destination check on the security appliance’s elastic network interface
D. Place the security appliance in the public subnet with the internet gateway

88. A Security Architect is evaluating managed solutions for storage of encryption keys. The requirements are: -Storage is accessible by using only VPCs. -Service has tamper-evident controls. -Access logging is enabled. -Storage has high availability. Which of the following services meets these requirements?

A. Amazon S3 with default encryption
B. AWS CloudHSM
C. Amazon DynamoDB with server-side encryption
D. AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store

89. An AWS account includes two S3 buckets: bucket1 and bucket2. The bucket2 does not have a policy defined, but bucket1 has the following bucket policy:

In addition, the same account has an IAM User named “alice”, with the following IAM policy.

Which buckets can user “alice” access?

A. Bucket1 only
B. Bucket2 only
C. Both bucket1 and bucket2
D. Neither bucket1 nor bucket2

90. An organization has three applications running on AWS, each accessing the same data on Amazon S3. The data on Amazon S3 is server-side encrypted by using an AWS KMS Customer Master Key (CMK). What is the recommended method to ensure that each application has its own programmatic access control permissions on the KMS CMK?

A. Change the key policy permissions associated with the KMS CMK for each application when it must access the data in Amazon S3.
B. Have each application assume an IAM role that provides permissions to use the AWS Certificate Manager CMK.
C. Have each application use a grant on the KMS CMK to add or remove specific access controls on the KMS CMK.
D. Have each application use an IAM policy in a user context to have specific access permissions on the KMS CMK.

91. The Security Engineer is given the following requirements for an application that is running on Amazon EC2 and managed by using AWS CloudFormation templates with EC2 Auto Scaling groups: -Have the EC2 instances bootstrapped to connect to a backend database. -Ensure that the database credentials are handled securely. -Ensure that retrievals of database credentials are logged.
Which of the following is the MOST efficient way to meet these requirements?

A. Pass databases credentials to EC2 by using CloudFormation stack parameters with the property set to true. Ensure that the instance is configured to log to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
B. Store database passwords in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store by using SecureString parameters. Set the IAM role for the EC2 instance profile to allow access to the parameters.
C. Create an AWS Lambda that ingests the database password and persists it to Amazon S3 with server-side encryption. Have the EC2 instances retrieve the S3 object on startup, and log all script invocations to syslog.
D. Write a script that is passed in as UserData so that it is executed upon launch of the EC2 instance. Ensure that the instance is configured to log to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.

92. A company has two AWS accounts, each containing one VPC. The first VPC has a VPN connection with its corporate network. The second VPC, without a VPN, hosts an Amazon Aurora database cluster in private subnets. Developers manage the Aurora database from a bastion host in a public subnet as shown in the image.

A security review has flagged this architecture as vulnerable, and a Security Engineer has been asked to make this design more secure. The company has a short deadline and a second VPN connection to the Aurora account is not possible. How can a Security Engineer securely set up the bastion host?

A. Move the bastion host to the VPC with VPN connectivity. Create a VPC peering relationship between the bastion host VPC and Aurora VPC.
B. Create a SSH port forwarding tunnel on the Developer’s workstation to the bastion host to ensure that only authorized SSH clients can access the bastion host.
C. Move the bastion host to the VPC with VPN connectivity. Create a cross-account trust relationship between the bastion VPC and Aurora VPC, and update the Aurora security group for the relationship.
D. Create an AWS Direct Connect connection between the corporate network and the Aurora account, and adjust the Aurora security group for this connection.

93. An organization operates a web application that serves users globally. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. There is an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the load balancer, and the organization uses AWS WAF. The application is currently experiencing a volumetric attack whereby the attacker is exploiting a bug in a popular mobile game. The application is being flooded with HTTP requests from all over the world with the User-Agent set to the following string: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; ExampleCorp; ExampleGame/1.22; Mobile/1.0) What mitigation can be applied to block attacks resulting from this bug while continuing to service legitimate requests?

A. Create a rule in AWS WAF rules with conditions that block requests based on the presence of ExampleGame/1.22 in the User-Agent header
B. Create a geographic restriction on the CloudFront distribution to prevent access to the application from most geographic regions
C. Create a rate-based rule in AWS WAF to limit the total number of requests that the web application services.
D. Create an IP-based blacklist in AWS WAF to block the IP addresses that are originating from requests that contain ExampleGame/1.22 in the User-Agent header.

94. Some highly sensitive analytics workloads are to be moved to Amazon EC2 hosts. Threat modeling has found that a risk exists where a subnet could be maliciously or accidentally exposed to the internet. Which of the following mitigations should be recommended?

A. Use AWS Config to detect whether an Internet Gateway is added and use an AWS Lambda function to provide auto-remediation.
B. Within the Amazon VPC configuration, mark the VPC as private and disable Elastic IP addresses.
C. Use IPv6 addressing exclusively on the EC2 hosts, as this prevents the hosts from being accessed from the internet.
D. Move the workload to a Dedicated Host, as this provides additional network security controls and monitoring.

95. A Developer who is following AWS best practices for secure code development requires an application to encrypt sensitive data to be stored at rest, locally in the application, using AWS KMS. What is the simplest and MOST secure way to decrypt this data when required?

A. Request KMS to provide the stored unencrypted data key and then use the retrieved data key to decrypt the data.
B. Keep the plaintext data key stored in Amazon DynamoDB protected with IAM policies. Query DynamoDB to retrieve the data key to decrypt the data
C. Use the Encrypt API to store an encrypted version of the data key with another customer managed key. Decrypt the data key and use it to decrypt the data when required.
D. Store the encrypted data key alongside the encrypted data. Use the Decrypt API to retrieve the data key to decrypt the data when required.

96. A Security Administrator at a university is configuring a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances are shared among students, and non-root SSH access is allowed. The Administrator is concerned about students attacking other AWS account resources by using the EC2 instance metadata service. What can the Administrator do to protect against this potential attack?

A. Disable the EC2 instance metadata service.
B. Log all student SSH interactive session activity.
C. Implement ip tables-based restrictions on the instances.
D. Install the Amazon Inspector agent on the instances.

97. An organization receives an alert that indicates that an EC2 instance behind an ELB Classic Load Balancer has been compromised. What techniques will limit lateral movement and allow evidence gathering?

A. Remove the instance from the load balancer and terminate it.
B. Remove the instance from the load balancer, and shut down access to the instance by tightening the security group.
C. Reboot the instance and check for any Amazon CloudWatch alarms.
D. Stop the instance and make a snapshot of the root EBS volume.

98. A Development team has asked for help configuring the IAM roles and policies in a new AWS account. The team using the account expects to have hundreds of master keys and therefore does not want to manage access control for customer master keys (CMKs). Which of the following will allow the team to manage AWS KMS permissions in IAM without the complexity of editing individual key policies?

A. The account’s CMK key policy must allow the account’s IAM roles to perform KMS EnableKey.
B. Newly created CMKs must have a key policy that allows the root principal to perform all actions.
C. Newly created CMKs must allow the root principal to perform the kms CreateGrant API operation.
D. Newly created CMKs must mirror the IAM policy of the KMS key administrator.

99. An Amazon EC2 instance is part of an EC2 Auto Scaling group that is behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). It is suspected that the EC2 instance has been compromised. Which steps should be taken to investigate the suspected compromise? (Choose three.)

A. Detach the elastic network interface from the EC2 instance.
B. Initiate an Amazon Elastic Block Store volume snapshot of all volumes on the EC2 instance.
C. Disable any Amazon Route 53 health checks associated with the EC2 instance.
D. De-register the EC2 instance from the ALB and detach it from the Auto Scaling group.
E. Attach a security group that has restrictive ingress and egress rules to the EC2 instance.
F. Add a rule to an AWS WAF to block access to the EC2 instance.

100. A company has five AWS accounts and wants to use AWS CloudTrail to log API calls. The log files must be stored in an Amazon S3 bucket that resides in a new account specifically built for centralized services with a unique top-level prefix for each trail. The configuration must also enable detection of any modification to the logs. Which of the following steps will implement these requirements? (Choose three.)

A. Create a new S3 bucket in a separate AWS account for centralized storage of CloudTrail logs, and enable “Log File Validation” on all trails.
B. Use an existing S3 bucket in one of the accounts, apply a bucket policy to the new centralized S3 bucket that permits the CloudTrail service to use the “s3: PutObject” action and the “s3 GetBucketACL” action, and specify the appropriate resource ARNs for the CloudTrail trails.
C. Apply a bucket policy to the new centralized S3 bucket that permits the CloudTrail service to use the “s3 PutObject” action and the “s3 GelBucketACL” action, and specify the appropriate resource ARNs for the CloudTrail trails.
D. Use unique log file prefixes for trails in each AWS account.
E. Configure CloudTrail in the centralized account to log all accounts to the new centralized S3 bucket.
F. Enable encryption of the log files by using AWS Key Management Service

101. A Security Engineer is implementing a solution to allow users to seamlessly encrypt Amazon S3 objects without having to touch the keys directly. The solution must be highly scalable without requiring continual management. Additionally, the organization must be able to immediately delete the encryption keys. Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Use AWS KMS with AWS managed keys and the ScheduleKeyDeletion API with a PendingWindowInDays set to 0 to remove the keys if necessary.
B. Use KMS with AWS imported key material and then use the DeletelmportedKeyMaterial API to remove the key material if necessary.
C. Use AWS CloudHSM to store the keys and then use the CloudHSM API or the PKCS11 library to delete the keys if necessary.
D. Use the Systems Manager Parameter Store to store the keys and then use the service API operations to delete the key if necessary.

102. An application uses Amazon Cognito to manage end users’ permissions when directly accessing AWS resources, including Amazon DynamoDB. A new feature request reads as follows:

Provide a mechanism to mark customers as suspended pending investigation or suspended permanently. Customers should still be able to log in when suspended, but should not be able to make changes.

The priorities are to reduce complexity and avoid potential for future security issues.
Which approach will meet these requirements and priorities?

A. Create a new database field “suspended_status” and modify the application logic to validate that field when processing requests.
B. Add suspended customers to second Cognito user pool and update the application login flow to check both user pools.
C. Use Amazon Cognito Sync to push out a “suspension_status” parameter and split the lAM policy into normal users and suspended users.
D. Move suspended customers to a second Cognito group and define an appropriate IAM access policy for the group.

103.A company stores data on an Amazon EBS volume attached to an Amazon EC2 instance. The data is asynchronously replicated to an Amazon S3 bucket. Both the EBS volume and the S3 bucket are encrypted with the same AWS KMS Customer Master Key (CMK). A former employee scheduled a deletion of that CMK before leaving the company. The company’s Developer Operations department learns about this only after the CMK has been deleted. Which steps must be taken to address this situation?

A. Copy the data directly from the EBS encrypted volume before the volume is detached from the EC2 instance.
B. Recover the data from the EBS encrypted volume using an earlier version of the KMS backing key.
C. Make a request to AWS Support to recover the S3 encrypted data.
D. Make a request to AWS Support to restore the deleted CMK, and use it to recover the data.

104. An AWS Lambda function was misused to alter data, and a Security Engineer must identify who invoked the function and what output was produced. The Engineer cannot find any logs created by the Lambda function in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Which of the following explains why the logs are not available?

A. The execution role for the Lambda function did not grant permissions to write log data to CloudWatch Logs.
B. The Lambda function was executed by using Amazon API Gateway, so the logs are not stored in CloudWatch Logs.
C. The execution role for the Lambda function did not grant permissions to write to the Amazon S3 bucket where CloudWatch Logs stores the logs.
D. The version of the Lambda function that was executed was not current.

105. A company has Windows Amazon EC2 instances in a VPC that are joined to on-premises Active Directory servers for domain services. The security team has enabled Amazon GuardDuty on the AWS account to alert on issues with the instances. During a weekly audit of network traffic, the Security Engineer notices that one of the EC2 instances is attempting to communicate with a known command-and-control server but failing.
This alert does not show up in GuardDuty. Why did GuardDuty fail to alert to this behavior?

A. GuardDuty did not have the appropriate alerts activated.
B. GuardDuty does not see these DNS requests.
C. GuardDuty only monitors active network traffic flow for command-and-control activity.
D. GuardDuty does not report on command-and-control activity.

106. The AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store is being used to store database passwords used by an AWS Lambda function. Because this is sensitive data, the parameters are stored as type SecureString and protected by an AWS KMS key that allows access through IAM. When the function executes, this parameter cannot be retrieved as the result of an access denied error. Which of the following actions will resolve the access denied error?

A. Update the ssm.amazonaws.com principal in the KMS key policy to allow kms: Decrypt.
B. Update the Lambda configuration to launch the function in a VPC.
C. Add a policy to the role that the Lambda function uses, allowing kms: Decrypt for the KMS key.
D. Add lambda.amazonaws.com as a trusted entity on the IAM role that the Lambda function uses.

107. A company’s security policy requires that VPC Flow Logs are enabled on all VPCs. A Security Engineer is looking to automate the process of auditing the VPC resources for compliance. What combination of actions should the Engineer take? (Choose two.)

A. Create an AWS Lambda function that determines whether Flow Logs are enabled for a given VPC.
B. Create an AWS Config configuration item for each VPC in the company AWS account.
C. Create an AWS Config managed rule with a resource type of AWS:: Lambda:: Function.
D. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Event rule that triggers on events emitted by AWS Config.
E. Create an AWS Config custom rule, and associate it with an AWS Lambda function that contains the evaluating logic.

108. A Security Engineer is looking for a way to control access to data that is being encrypted under a CMK. The Engineer is also looking to use additional authenticated data (AAD) to prevent tampering with ciphertext. Which action would provide the required functionality?

A. Pass the key alias to AWS KMS when calling Encrypt and Decrypt API actions.
B. Use IAM policies to restrict access to Encrypt and Decrypt API actions.
C.Use kms:EncryptionContext as a condition when defining IAM policies for the CMK.
D. Use key policies to restrict access to the appropriate IAM groups.

109. An application makes calls to AWS services using the AWS SDK. The application runs on Amazon EC2 instances with an associated IAM role. When the application attempts to access an object within an Amazon S3 bucket; the Administrator receives the following error message: HTTP 403: Access Denied. Which combination of steps should the Administrator take to troubleshoot this issue? (Select three.)

A. Confirm that the EC2 instance’s security group authorizes S3 access.
B. Verify that the KMS key policy allows decrypt access for the KMS key for this IAM principle.
C. Check the S3 bucket policy for statements that deny access to objects.
D. Confirm that the EC2 instance is using the correct key pair.
E. Confirm that the IAM role associated with the EC2 instance has the proper privileges.
F. Confirm that the instance and the S3 bucket are in the same Region.

110. A Security Engineer must implement mutually authenticated TLS connections between containers that communicate inside a VPC. Which solution would be MOST secure and easy to maintain?

A. Use AWS Certificate Manager to generate certificates from a public certificate authority and deploy them to all the containers.
B. Create a self-signed certificate in one container and use AWS Secrets Manager to distribute the certificate to the other containers to establish trust.
C. Use AWS Certificate Manager Private Certificate Authority (ACM PCA) to create a subordinate certificate authority, then create the private keys in the containers and sign them using the ACM PCA API.
D. Use AWS Certificate Manager Private Certificate Authority (ACM PCA) to create a subordinate certificate authority, then use AWS Certificate Manager to generate the private certificates and deploy them to all the containers.

111. The Accounting department at Example Corp. has made a decision to hire a third-party firm, AnyCompany, to monitor Example Corp.’s AWS account to help optimize costs. The Security Engineer for Example Corp. has been tasked with providing AnyCompany with access to the required Example Corp. AWS resources. The Engineer has created an IAM role and granted permission to AnyCompany’s AWS account to assume this role. When customers contact AnyCompany, they provide their role ARN for validation. The Engineer is concerned that one of AnyCompany’s other customers might deduce Example Corp.’s role ARN and potentially compromise the company’s account. What steps should the Engineer perform to prevent this outcome?

A. Create an IAM user and generate a set of long-term credentials. Provide the credentials to AnyCompany. Monitor access in IAM access advisor and plan to rotate credentials on a recurring basis.
B. Request an external ID from AnyCompany and add a condition with sts:External to the role’s trust policy.
C. Require two-factor authentication by adding a condition to the role’s trust policy with aws:MultiFactorAuthPresent.
D. Request an IP range from AnyCompany and add a condition with aws:SourceIp to the role’s trust policy

112. A company maintains sensitive data in an Amazon S3 bucket that must be protected using an AWS KMS CMK. The company requires that keys be rotated automatically every year. How should the bucket be configured?

A. Select server-side encryption with Amazon S3-managed keys (SSE-S3) and select an AWSmanaged CMK.
B. Select Amazon S3-AWS KMS managed encryption keys (S3-KMS) and select a customermanaged CMK with key rotation enabled.
C. Select server-side encryption with Amazon S3-managed keys (SSE-S3) and select a customermanaged CMK that has imported key material.
D. Select server-side encryption with AWS KMS-managed keys (SSE-KMS) and select an alias to an AWS-managed CMK.

113. An Amazon S3 bucket is encrypted using an AWS KMS CMK. An IAM user is unable to download objects from the S3 bucket using the AWS Management Console; however, other users can download objects from the S3 bucket. Which policies should the Security Engineer review and modify to resolve this issue? (Select three.)

A. The CMK policy
B. The VPC endpoint policy
C. The S3 bucket policy
D. The S3 ACL
E. The IAM policy

114. While analyzing a company’s security solution, a Security Engineer wants to secure the AWS account root user. What should the Security Engineer do to provide the highest level of security for the account?

A. Create a new IAM user that has administrator permissions in the AWS account. Delete the password for the AWS account root user.
B. Create a new IAM user that has administrator permissions in the AWS account. Modify the permissions for the existing IAM users.
C. Replace the access key for the AWS account root user. Delete the password for the AWS account root user.
D. Create a new IAM user that has administrator permissions in the AWS account. Enable multifactor authentication for the AWS account root user

115. A Security Engineer is working with a Product team building a web application on AWS. The application uses Amazon S3 to host the static content, Amazon API Gateway to provide RESTful services; and Amazon DynamoDB as the backend data store. The users already exist in a directory that is exposed through a SAML identity provider. Which combination of the following actions should the Engineer take to enable users to be authenticated into the web application and call APIs? (Choose three.)

A. Create a custom authorization service using AWS Lambda.
B. Configure a SAML identity provider in Amazon Cognito to map attributes to the Amazon Cognito user pool attributes.
C. Configure the SAML identity provider to add the Amazon Cognito user pool as a relying party.
D. Configure an Amazon Cognito identity pool to integrate with social login providers.
E. Update DynamoDB to store the user email addresses and passwords.
F. Update API Gateway to use a COGNITO_USER_POOLS authorizer.

116. While securing the connection between a company’s VPC and its on-premises data center, a Security Engineer sent a ping command from an on-premises host (IP address 203.0.113.12) to an Amazon EC2 instance (IP address 172.31.16.139). The ping command did not return a response. The flow log in the VPC showed the following:

2 123456789010 eni-1235b8ca 203.0.113.12 172.31.16.139 0 0 1 4 336 1432917027 1432917142 ACCEPT OK
2 123456789010 eni-1235b8ca 172.31.16.139 203.0.113.12 0 0 1 4 336 1432917094 1432917142 REJECT OK
What action should be performed to allow the ping to work?

A. In the security group of the EC2 instance, allow inbound ICMP traffic.
B. In the security group of the EC2 instance, allow outbound ICMP traffic.
C. In the VPC’s NACL, allow inbound ICMP traffic.
D. In the VPC’s NACL, allow outbound ICMP traffic.

117. A Security Engineer is building a Java application that is running on Amazon EC2. The application communicates with an Amazon RDS instance and authenticates with a user name and password. Which combination of steps can the Engineer take to protect the credentials and minimize downtime when the credentials are rotated? (Choose two.)

A. Have a Database Administrator encrypt the credentials and store the ciphertext in Amazon S3. Grant permission to the instance role associated with the EC2 instance to read the object and decrypt the ciphertext.
B. Configure a scheduled job that updates the credential in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store and notifies the Engineer that the application needs to be restarted.
C. Configure automatic rotation of credentials in AWS Secrets Manager.
D. Store the credential in an encrypted string parameter in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Grant permission to the instance role associated with the EC2 instance to access the parameter and the AWS KMS key that is used to encrypt it.
E. Configure the Java application to catch a connection failure and make a call to AWS Secrets Manager to retrieve updated credentials when the password is rotated. Grant permission to the instance role associated with the EC2 instance to access Secrets Manager.

118. A company has several production AWS accounts and a central security AWS account. The security account is used for centralized monitoring and has IAM privileges to all resources in every corporate account. All of the company’s Amazon S3 buckets are tagged with a value denoting the data classification of their contents. A Security Engineer is deploying a monitoring solution in the security account that will enforce bucket policy compliance. The system must monitor S3 buckets in all production accounts and confirm that any policy change is in accordance with the bucket’s data classification. If any change is out of compliance; the Security team must be notified quickly. Which combination of actions would build the required solution? (Choose three.)

A. Configure Amazon CloudWatch Events in the production accounts to send all S3 events to the security account event bus.
B. Enable Amazon GuardDuty in the security account. and join the production accounts as members.
C. Configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule in the security account to detect S3 bucket creation or modification events.
D. Enable AWS Trusted Advisor and activate email notifications for an email address assigned to the security contact.
E. Invoke an AWS Lambda function in the security account to analyze S3 bucket settings in response to S3 events, and send non-compliance notifications to the Security team.
F. Configure event notifications on S3 buckets for PUT; POST, and DELETE events.

119. A company plans to migrate a sensitive dataset to Amazon S3. A Security Engineer must ensure that the data is encrypted at rest. The encryption solution must enable the company to generate its own keys without needing to manage key storage or the encryption process. What should the Security Engineer use to accomplish this?

A. Server-side encryption with Amazon S3-managed keys (SSE-S3)
B. Server-side encryption with AWS KMS-managed keys (SSE-KMS)
C. Server-side encryption with customer-provided keys (SSE-C)
D. Client-side encryption with an AWS KMS-managed CMK

120. A Security Engineer is defining the logging solution for a newly developed product. Systems Administrators and Developers need to have appropriate access to event log files in AWS CloudTrail to support and troubleshoot the product. Which combination of controls should be used to protect against tampering with and unauthorized access to log files? (Choose two.)

A. Ensure that the log file integrity validation mechanism is enabled.
B. Ensure that all log files are written to at least two separate Amazon S3 buckets in the same account.
C. Ensure that Systems Administrators and Developers can edit log files, but prevent any other access.
D. Ensure that Systems Administrators and Developers with job-related need-to-know requirements only are capable of viewing—but not modifying—the log files.
E. Ensure that all log files are stored on Amazon EC2 instances that allow SSH access from the internal corporate network only.